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Pathology - Neoplasia > Oncogenes and Tumor-suppressors > Flashcards

Oncogenes and Tumor-suppressors Flashcards

1
Q

Which oncogenes are growth factors?

A

PDGFB

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2
Q

Which oncogenes are growth factor receptors?

A

c-kit, Her2-neu/C-ERBB2,RET

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3
Q

Which oncogenes are signal transducers?

A

ABL, BRAF, RAS

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4
Q

Which oncogenes are nuclear regulators?

A

c-Myc, L-myc, N-myc

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5
Q

Which oncogenes are cell cycle regulators?

A

CCND1, CDK4

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6
Q

Which oncogenes are anti-apoptotic molecules?

A

Bcl-2

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7
Q

What is the definition of an oncogene?

A

Gain of function increases cancer risk.

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8
Q

Do oncogenes require 1 or both alleles to be damaged for expression of disease?

A

1

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9
Q

What is PDGFB?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor. Overexpression causes autocrine loop.

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10
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ PDGFB?

A

Astrocytoma

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11
Q

What is c-kit and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor receptor.

Gene product: cytokine receptor (Stem cell growth factor receptor)

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of c-kit dysfunction?

A

Point mutation

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13
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ c-kit?

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

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14
Q

What is Her2-neu/ERBB2 and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor receptor.

Gene product: Tyrosine kinase

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of Her2-neu/ERBB2 dysfunction?

A

Amplification

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16
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ Her2-neu/ERBB2?

A

Breast, ovarian, gastric carcinomas

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17
Q

What is RET and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor receptor (neural)

Gene product: Tyrosine kinase

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of RET dysfunction?

A

Point mutation

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19
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ RET?

A

MEN2A and 2B, and sporadic medullary carcinoma of thryoid

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20
Q

What is ABL and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Signal transducer

Gene product: Tyrosine kinase

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of ABL dysfunction?

A

t(9,22) with BCR

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22
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ ABL?

A

CML and some types of ALL

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23
Q

What is BRAF and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Signal transducer

Gene product: serine/threonine kinase

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24
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ BRAF?

A

Melanoma, non-hodkin’s lymphoma

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25
What is RAS and associated gene product?
Oncogene: signal transducer | Gene product: GTPase/GTP-binding protein - from cell membrane to nucleus
26
What is the mechanism of RAS dysfunction?
Point mutation
27
What is the associated tumor w/ RAS?
Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer (70-80% of human tumors!). Melanoma and lymphoma as well.
28
What is c-Myc and associated gene product?
Oncogene: Nuclear Regulator | Gene product: Transcription factor
29
What is the mechanism of c-Myc dysfunction?
t(8,14); 14 = IgH (heavy chain) --> constituitively expressed
30
What is the associated tumor w/ cmyc?
Burkitt lymphoma
31
What is L-Myc and associated gene product?
Oncogene: Nuclear Regulator | Gene product: Transcription factor
32
What is the mechanism of L-Myc dysfunction?
Amplification
33
What is the associated tumor w/ L-Myc?
Lung tumor (small cell)
34
What is N-Myc and associated gene product?
Oncogene: Nuclear Regulator | Gene product: Transcription factor
35
What is the mechanism of N-Myc dysfunction?
amplification
36
What is the associated tumor w/ N-Myc?
neuroblastoma
37
What is CCND1 and associated gene product?
Oncogene: Cell cycle regulator | Gene product: Cyclin (G1--> S phase)
38
What is the mechanism of CCND1 dysfunction?
t(11,14) involving IgH
39
What is the associated tumor w/ CCND1?
Mantle cell lymphoma
40
What is CDK4 and its gene product?
Oncogene: Cell cycle regulator | Gene product: Cyclin-dependent kinase
41
What is the mechanism of CDK4 dysfunction?
Amplification
42
What is the associated tumor w/ CDK4?
melanoma
43
What is APC and its gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene. | Gene product: Negative regular that controls beta-catenin concentrations and interacts w/ E-cadherin
44
What is the associated tumor w/ APC?
Colorectal cancer ( FAP )
45
What is BRCA1/2 and its gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: DNA repair protein
46
What is the associated tumor with BRCA1/2?
Breast and ovarian cancer
47
What is DCC and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: ?
48
What is the associated tumor w/ DCC?
Colon Cancer. (Deleted in Colon Cancer - DCC)
49
What is DPC4/SMAD4 and associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: ?
50
What is the associated tumor w/ DPC4/SMAD4?
Pancreatic cancer
51
What is MEN1 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: Menin
52
What is the associated tumor w/ MEN1?
MEN1 syndrome
53
What is NF1 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: Ras GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)
54
What is the associated tumor w/ NF1?
Neurofibromatosis type 1
55
What is NF2 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: Merlin (schwannomin) protein
56
What is the associated tumor w/ NF2?
Neurofibromatosis type 2
57
What is p16 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
58
What is the associated tumor w/ p16?
Melanoma
59
What is PTEN and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene Gene product: PTEN protein acts as a phosphatase to dephosphorylate (PtdIns (3,4,5)P3 or PIP3); inhibts AKT signaling pathway
60
What is the associated tumor w/ PTEN?
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial | cancer
61
What is Rb and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Inhibits E2F; blocks G1 --> S phase
62
What is the associated tumor w/ Rb?
Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
63
What is TSC1 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: Hamartin protein
64
What is the associated tumor w/ TSC1?
Tuberous sclerosis
65
What is TSC2 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: Tuberin protein
66
What is the associated tumor w/ TSC2?
Tuberous sclerosis
67
What is VHL and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a
68
What is the associated tumor w/ VHL?
von Hippel-Lindau disease, renal cell | carcinoma
69
What is WT1/WT2 and its associated gene product?
Tumor suppressor gene | Gene product: something to do w/ embryonic development and zinc fingers
70
What is the associated tumor w/ WT1?
Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

Pathology - Neoplasia (8 decks)

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