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Pathology - Neoplasia > Oncogenes and Tumor-suppressors > Flashcards

Oncogenes and Tumor-suppressors Flashcards

1
Q

Which oncogenes are growth factors?

A

PDGFB

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2
Q

Which oncogenes are growth factor receptors?

A

c-kit, Her2-neu/C-ERBB2,RET

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3
Q

Which oncogenes are signal transducers?

A

ABL, BRAF, RAS

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4
Q

Which oncogenes are nuclear regulators?

A

c-Myc, L-myc, N-myc

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5
Q

Which oncogenes are cell cycle regulators?

A

CCND1, CDK4

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6
Q

Which oncogenes are anti-apoptotic molecules?

A

Bcl-2

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7
Q

What is the definition of an oncogene?

A

Gain of function increases cancer risk.

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8
Q

Do oncogenes require 1 or both alleles to be damaged for expression of disease?

A

1

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9
Q

What is PDGFB?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor. Overexpression causes autocrine loop.

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10
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ PDGFB?

A

Astrocytoma

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11
Q

What is c-kit and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor receptor.

Gene product: cytokine receptor (Stem cell growth factor receptor)

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of c-kit dysfunction?

A

Point mutation

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13
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ c-kit?

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

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14
Q

What is Her2-neu/ERBB2 and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor receptor.

Gene product: Tyrosine kinase

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of Her2-neu/ERBB2 dysfunction?

A

Amplification

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16
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ Her2-neu/ERBB2?

A

Breast, ovarian, gastric carcinomas

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17
Q

What is RET and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Growth factor receptor (neural)

Gene product: Tyrosine kinase

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of RET dysfunction?

A

Point mutation

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19
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ RET?

A

MEN2A and 2B, and sporadic medullary carcinoma of thryoid

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20
Q

What is ABL and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Signal transducer

Gene product: Tyrosine kinase

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of ABL dysfunction?

A

t(9,22) with BCR

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22
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ ABL?

A

CML and some types of ALL

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23
Q

What is BRAF and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Signal transducer

Gene product: serine/threonine kinase

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24
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ BRAF?

A

Melanoma, non-hodkin’s lymphoma

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25
Q

What is RAS and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: signal transducer

Gene product: GTPase/GTP-binding protein - from cell membrane to nucleus

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26
Q

What is the mechanism of RAS dysfunction?

A

Point mutation

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27
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ RAS?

A

Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer (70-80% of human tumors!). Melanoma and lymphoma as well.

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28
Q

What is c-Myc and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Nuclear Regulator

Gene product: Transcription factor

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29
Q

What is the mechanism of c-Myc dysfunction?

A

t(8,14); 14 = IgH (heavy chain) –> constituitively expressed

30
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ cmyc?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

31
Q

What is L-Myc and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Nuclear Regulator

Gene product: Transcription factor

32
Q

What is the mechanism of L-Myc dysfunction?

A

Amplification

33
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ L-Myc?

A

Lung tumor (small cell)

34
Q

What is N-Myc and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Nuclear Regulator

Gene product: Transcription factor

35
Q

What is the mechanism of N-Myc dysfunction?

A

amplification

36
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ N-Myc?

A

neuroblastoma

37
Q

What is CCND1 and associated gene product?

A

Oncogene: Cell cycle regulator

Gene product: Cyclin (G1–> S phase)

38
Q

What is the mechanism of CCND1 dysfunction?

A

t(11,14) involving IgH

39
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ CCND1?

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

40
Q

What is CDK4 and its gene product?

A

Oncogene: Cell cycle regulator

Gene product: Cyclin-dependent kinase

41
Q

What is the mechanism of CDK4 dysfunction?

A

Amplification

42
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ CDK4?

A

melanoma

43
Q

What is APC and its gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene.

Gene product: Negative regular that controls beta-catenin concentrations and interacts w/ E-cadherin

44
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ APC?

A

Colorectal cancer ( FAP )

45
Q

What is BRCA1/2 and its gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: DNA repair protein

46
Q

What is the associated tumor with BRCA1/2?

A

Breast and ovarian cancer

47
Q

What is DCC and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: ?

48
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ DCC?

A

Colon Cancer. (Deleted in Colon Cancer - DCC)

49
Q

What is DPC4/SMAD4 and associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: ?

50
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ DPC4/SMAD4?

A

Pancreatic cancer

51
Q

What is MEN1 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: Menin

52
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ MEN1?

A

MEN1 syndrome

53
Q

What is NF1 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: Ras GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)

54
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ NF1?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

55
Q

What is NF2 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: Merlin (schwannomin) protein

56
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ NF2?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

57
Q

What is p16 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

58
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ p16?

A

Melanoma

59
Q

What is PTEN and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene
Gene product: PTEN protein acts as a phosphatase to dephosphorylate (PtdIns (3,4,5)P3 or PIP3); inhibts AKT signaling pathway

60
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ PTEN?

A

Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial

cancer

61
Q

What is Rb and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Inhibits E2F; blocks G1 –> S phase

62
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ Rb?

A

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

63
Q

What is TSC1 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: Hamartin protein

64
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ TSC1?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

65
Q

What is TSC2 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: Tuberin protein

66
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ TSC2?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

67
Q

What is VHL and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a

68
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ VHL?

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease, renal cell

carcinoma

69
Q

What is WT1/WT2 and its associated gene product?

A

Tumor suppressor gene

Gene product: something to do w/ embryonic development and zinc fingers

70
Q

What is the associated tumor w/ WT1?

A

Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma)

Pathology - Neoplasia (8 decks)

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