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CLIN CHEM > Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Tumor Markers Flashcards

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1
Q

Produced by epithelial cells of the prostate gland whose function aids in liquefaction of seminal coagulum

A

Prostatic Specific Antigen

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2
Q

is synthesized in the pancreatic parenchyma and biliary tract.

tumor marker for pancreatic, colorectal, lung and gastric carcinomas

A

CA 19-9

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3
Q

CA 19-9 reference range

a. 0-45 u/mL
b. 0-60 u/mL
c. 0-35 u/mL

A

CA 19-9 reference range

a. 0-45 u/mL
b. 0-60 u/mL
c. 0-35 u/mL

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4
Q

an antigen normally found in breast tissue, used to monitor metastatic breast cancer

A

CA 15-3

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5
Q

CA 15-3 reference value.

a. less than 40 u/mL
b. less than 45 u/mL
c. less than 35 u/mL
d. less than 30 u/mL

A

CA 15-3 reference value.

a. less than 40 u/mL
b. less than 45 u/mL
c. less than 35 u/mL
d. less than 30 u/mL

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6
Q

tumor marker for ovarian and endometrial cancer

A

CA-125

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7
Q

CA-125 reference range

a. 0-45 units/mL
b. 0-60 units/mL
c. 0-35 units/mL

A

CA-125 reference range

a. 0-45 units/mL
b. 0-60 units/mL
c. 0-35 units/mL

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8
Q

oncofetal glycoprotein antigen normally synthesized in the liver, yolk sac and gastrointestinal tract of the fetus

tumor marker for liver, testicular and ovarian cancer

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

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9
Q

____ ng/ml fetal serum AFP at 12-15 weeks of gestation.

a. 3-4
b. 2-6
c. 4-7
d.2-3

A

____ ng/ml fetal serum AFP at 12-15 weeks of gestation.

a. 3-4
b. 2-6
c. 4-7
d.2-3

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10
Q

Normal value for AFP in adults

a. < 20 ng/mL
b. < 35 ng/mL
c. < 40 ng/mL
d. < 30 ng/mL

A

Normal value for AFP in adults

a. < 20 ng/mL
b. < 35 ng/mL
c. < 40 ng/mL
d. < 30 ng/mL

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11
Q

oncofetal glycoprotein antigen normally found in epithelial cells of the fetal GI tract

tumor marker for colorectal cancer and adenocarcinoma of digestive tract

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

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12
Q

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) normal value.

a. 3-5 ng/mL
b. 3-6 ng/mL
c. 2.5-5 ng/mL
d. 2.3-5 ng/mL

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) normal value.

a. 3-5 ng/mL
b. 3-6 ng/mL
c. 2.5-5 ng/mL
d. 2.3-5 ng/mL

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13
Q

Tumor marker for hydatid form mole, gestational choriocarcinoma and placental-site trophoblastic tumor

A

Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

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14
Q

the antibody that is used to detect the antigen of interest is labeled with an indicator enzyme that enables very small quantities of the antigen of interest to be detected.

A

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

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15
Q

is a quantitative method for measurement of antigen or antibody based on the change in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal before and after immunoreaction whereby species generated at the electrode undergo a high-energy electron transfer reaction to form excited states that emit light.

A

Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA)

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16
Q

nonspecific, can also be increased in benign conditions such as pregnancy and liver disease, as well
as other types of malignancies such as testicular cancer.

A

AFP

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17
Q

levels of AFP in high-risk individuals are considered diagnostic of HCC.

A

> 500 ng/mL

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18
Q

The primary applications of AFP as a tumor marker are
for

A

HCC and nonseminomatous testicular cancer. AFP
is typically used as a marker to monitor therapy, detect
residual tumor, or detect relapse.

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19
Q

was first defined by a murine monoclonal antibody raised against a serous ovarian carcinoma cell line.10

A

CA 125

20
Q

may be elevated in patients with endometriosis, during the first trimester of pregnancy, or during menstruation.

A

CA-125

21
Q

commonly used for the detection of small molecules,
such as endocrine metabolites. With respect to tumor markers, it is also used to detect catecholamine metabo-
lites in plasma and urine.

A

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

22
Q

an abundant serum protein normally synthesized by the fetal liver that is re-expressed in certain types of tumors. This re-expression during malignancy classifies it as a carcinoembryonic protein. it is often elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and germ cell tumors.

A

AFP

23
Q

____ offers improved specific-
ity over CA-125, where it is less frequently elevated in non-malignant conditions, such as endometriosis.

A

HE4 (Human epididymis protein 4)

24
Q

can be detected by immunoassays that use OC125 and M11 antibodies.

A

CA 125

25
Q

the average
half-life of CA-125 is ____ days.

A

4.5

26
Q

was discovered in the 1960s and is a prototypical
example of an oncofetal antigen; it is expressed during
development and then re-expressed in tumors. it is
the most widely used tumor marker for colorectal cancer and is also frequently elevated in lung, breast, and gastrointestinal tumors.

A

CEA

27
Q

high levels of CEA are
frequently associated with malignancy,

A

> 10 ng/mL

28
Q

is a large heterogeneous glycoprotein with a
molecular weight of approximately 200 kDa. It is part
of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is involved in
apoptosis, immunity, and cell adhesion.

A

CEA

29
Q

is indicated in patients with stage II
disease (i.e., tumor has spread beyond immediate colon but not to lymph nodes) who have high levels

A

ADJUVANT THERAPY

30
Q

Although CEA assays historically used polyclonal anti-
bodies, these have largely been replaced by the use of

A

monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies.

31
Q

half-life of CEA is approximately ____ depending on the assay and the individual.

A

2 to 8 days

32
Q

it may be of value for detecting recurrence of
antigen-positive breast and gastrointestinal cancers and medullary thyroid carcinoma, and to aid in the diagnosis of non–small cell lung cancer.

A

CEA

33
Q

a dimeric hormone normally secreted by tropho-
blasts to promote implantation of the blastocyst and the placenta to maintain the corpus luteum through the first trimester of pregnancy.

A

hCG

34
Q

is not actually cleared by the FDA for use as a tumor marker despite its widespread utility.

A

hCG

35
Q

It is a prognostic indicator for ovarian cancer, a diagnostic marker for classification of testicular can-
cer, and the most useful marker for detection of ges-
tational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs).

A

hCG

36
Q

is a 28-kD glycoprotein produced only in the epithe-
lial cells of the acini and ducts of the prostatic ducts in
the prostate.

A

PSA

37
Q

Most of the circulating PSA is complexed to

A

α1-antichymotrypsin or α2-macroglobulin.

38
Q

Men with ____ and ____ can also have high PSA levels.

A

benign prostatic hyper-
plasia (BPH) and prostatitis

39
Q

> 80 prevalence of Prostate cancer in PSA concentration of

A

> 20 ng/mL

40
Q

PSA is measured by ________ which detects both
free PSA and PSA complexed with α1-antichymotrypsin
but not α2-macroglobulin.

A

immunoassay

41
Q

?
The most common immunoassays used to measure
PSA detect which form of the enzyme?
a. Total PSA
b. Free PSA
c. PSA complexed with α1-antichymotrypsin
d. PSA complexed with α2-macroglobulin

A

The most common immunoassays used to measure
PSA detect which form of the enzyme?
a. Total PSA
b. Free PSA
c. PSA complexed with α1-antichymotrypsin
d. PSA complexed with α2-macroglobulin

42
Q

What percentage of women will have invasive can-
cer at some time in their life?

a. 33%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%

A

What percentage of women will have invasive can-
cer at some time in their life?

a. 33%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%

43
Q

Which of the following enzymes is commonly used
as a tumor marker?

a. LD
b. Lipase
c. Aldolase
d. Catalase

A

Which of the following enzymes is commonly used
as a tumor marker?

a. LD
b. Lipase
c. Aldolase
d. Catalase

44
Q

A tumor marker used in the assessment of chorio-
carcinoma or hydatidiform mole is

a. β-hCG
b. CEA
c. AFP
d. IgG

A

a. β-hCG

45
Q

A serum PSA is used for all of the following except
a. Diagnosis
b. Screening
c. Monitoring response
d. Detecting recurrence

A

a. Diagnosis

CLIN CHEM (7 decks)

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