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CLIN CHEM > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

Cortisol is an example f what pattern

a. Cyclicity
b. Pulsatility
c. Feedback mechanism

A

Cortisol is an example f what pattern

a. Cyclicity
b. Pulsatility
c. Feedback mechanism

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2
Q

An increased in the product also increases the activity of the system and the production rate (gonadal, thyroidal and adenocortical hormones).

A

POSITIVE Feedback System

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3
Q

An increased in the product decreases the activity of the system and the production.

A

NEGATIVE Feedback System

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4
Q

Hormones with regulatory function.

a. Vasopresin and Aldosterone
b. Testosterone and Estradiol 17 B
c. Insulin

A

Hormones with regulatory function.

a. Vasopresin and Aldosterone
b. Testosterone and Estradiol 17 B
c. Insulin

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5
Q

Hormones with morphogenesis function.

a. Vasopresin and Aldosterone
b. Testosterone and Estradiol 17 B
c. Insulin

A

Hormones with morphogenesis function.

a. Vasopresin and Aldosterone
b. Testosterone and Estradiol 17 B
c. Insulin

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6
Q
  • Classic hormones
  • Secreted into the blood stream & reach target organs which are distant from the source

a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. Neurocrine

A
  • Classic hormones
  • Secreted into the blood stream & reach target organs which are distant from the source
    ​
    a. Endocrine
    b. Paracrine
    c. Autocrine
    d. Neurocrine
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7
Q
  • Reach their target within the same site by diffusing through the interstitial fluid
  • Cytokines

a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. Neurocrine

A
  • Reach their target within the same site by diffusing through the interstitial fluid
  • Cytokines
    ​
    a. Endocrine
    b. Paracrine
    c. Autocrine
    d. Neurocrine
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8
Q
  • Hormones act back on the cells which act as the source of the hormones to modulate their secretion or intracellular processes involved
  • Prolactin

a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. Neurocrine

A
  • Hormones act back on the cells which act as the source of the hormones to modulate their secretion or intracellular processes involved
  • Prolactin

a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. Neurocrine

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9
Q
  • Neurohormones
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Oxytocin

a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. Neurocrine

A
  • Neurohormones
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Oxytocin

a. Endocrine
b. Paracrine
c. Autocrine
d. Neurocrine

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10
Q
  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone
  • Vitamin D

a. Proteins
b. Glycoproteins
c. Steroids
d. AMino acid derivative

A
  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone
  • Vitamin D
    ​
    a. Proteins
    b. Glycoproteins
    c. Steroids
    d. AMino acid derivative
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11
Q

composed of chains of amino acids only which may number <100

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

A

composed of chains of amino acids only which may number <100

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

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12
Q

FSH, LH, TSH, hcG are examples of

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

A

FSH, LH, TSH, hcG are examples of

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

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13
Q
  • Derived from cholesterol thru some multi-enzyme processes
  • Separated based on the # of C atoms

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

A
  • Derived from cholesterol thru some multi-enzyme processes
  • Separated based on the # of C atoms

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

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14
Q

Estrogens, Androgens, Glucocorticoids are examples of

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

A

Estrogens, Androgens, Glucocorticoids are examples of

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Glycoprotein

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15
Q

these 20-carbon molecules are derived from the fatty acid, arachidonic acid

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Eicosanoids

A

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Eicosanoids

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16
Q

Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, leukotrienes, thromboxanes

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Eicosanoids

A

Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, leukotrienes, thromboxanes

a. Amines
b. Polypeptides
c. Steroids
d. Eicosanoids

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17
Q

Hormones that stimulate the growth and activity of other endocrine glands

a. Releasing
b. Inhibiting
c. Trophic
d. Effector

A

Hormones that stimulate the growth and activity of other endocrine glands

a. Releasing
b. Inhibiting
c. Trophic
d. Effector

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18
Q

These are secreted by all endocrine glands responsible for causing changes in physiologic processes.

a. Releasing
b. Inhibiting
c. Trophic
d. Effector

A

These are secreted by all endocrine glands responsible for causing changes in physiologic processes.

a. Releasing
b. Inhibiting
c. Trophic
d. Effector

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19
Q

biocheimical property that is
- lipophilic
- administered orally as a drug
- has long plasma half-life
-* steroids, thyroid hormones, calcitriol, retinoids*

a. Group I
b. Group II

A

biocheimical property that is
- lipophilic
- administered orally as a drug
- has long plasma half-life
- steroids, thyroid hormones, calcitriol, retinoids

**a. Group I **
b. Group I

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20
Q

Biocheimical property that is

  • Hydrophilic
  • Administered IV as a drug
  • No transport protein needed
  • Short plasma half – life
  • Receptor location is plasma membrane; cAMP, cGMP, Ca++
  • Takes longer to initiate a reaction but is sustained for a prolonged period
    - Catecholamines, polypeptides

a. Group I
b. Group II

A

Biocheimical property that is

  • Hydrophilic
  • Administered IV as a drug
  • No transport protein needed
  • Short plasma half – life
  • Receptor location is plasma membrane; cAMP, cGMP, Ca++
  • Takes longer to initiate a reaction but is sustained for a prolonged period
    - Catecholamines, polypeptides

a. Group I
b. Group II

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

The majority of endocrine functions are regulated through the ____ gland, which in turn is controlled by secretions from the hypothalamus.

A

pituitary gland

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23
Q
  • small organ located below the brain, above the pituitary gland
  • connected to posterior pituitary gland through INFUNDIBULAR STALK
A

hypothalamus

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24
Q

stimulated the release of ACTH and other hormones

a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
d. Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)

A

stimulated the release of ACTH and other hormones

a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
d. Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)

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25
Q

stimulates the release of FSH and LH

a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
d. Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)

A

stimulates the release of FSH and LH

a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
d. Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)

26
Q

It is also known as
somatocrinin.

a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
d. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone-

A

It is also known as
somatocrinin.
​
a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
d. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone-

27
Q

It is also known as
somatostatin.
​
a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
d. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone-

A

It is also known as
somatostatin.
*
a. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
b. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
c. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
d. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone-

28
Q
  • Aka the “MASTER GLAND”
  • Also referred to as “hypophysis”- undergrowth

a. Hypothalamus
b. Pituitary

A
  • Aka the “MASTER GLAND”
  • Also referred to as “hypophysis”- undergrowth
    ​
    a. Hypothalamus
    b. Pituitary
29
Q

PG is located in a small cavity in the sphenoid bone of the skull called the

A

SELLA TURCICA

30
Q

Responsible for the storage and release of Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)

a. Anterior/Adenohypophysis
b. Posterior/Neurohypophysis
c. Intermediate lobe

A

Responsible for the storage and release of Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)

a. Anterior/Adenohypophysis
b. Posterior/Neurohypophysis
c. Intermediate lobe

31
Q

Poorly developed and has little functional capacity

a. Anterior/Adenohypophysis
b. Posterior/Neurohypophysis
c. Intermediate lobe

A

Poorly developed and has little functional capacity

a. Anterior/Adenohypophysis
b. Posterior/Neurohypophysis
c. Intermediate lobe

32
Q

Secrete growth hormone

a. Somatotropes
b. Lactotropes
c, Thyrotropes
d. Corticotropes

A

Secrete growth hormone

a. Somatotropes
b. Lactotropes
c, Thyrotropes
d. Corticotropes

33
Q

Secrete LH and FSH

a. Somatotropes
b. Lactotropes
c, Gonadotropes
d. Corticotropes

A

Secrete LH and FSH
​
a. Somatotropes
b. Lactotropes
c, Gonadotropes
d. Corticotropes

34
Q

Secrete ACTH

a. Somatotropes
b. Lactotropes
c, Gonadotropes
d. Corticotropes

A

Secrete ACTH
​
a. Somatotropes
b. Lactotropes
c, Gonadotropes
d. Corticotropes

35
Q

Secrete prolactin

a. Somatotropes
b. Mammotropes
c, Gonadotropes
d. Corticotropes

A

Secrete prolactin
​
a. Somatotropes
b. Mammotropes
c, Gonadotropes
d. Corticotropes

36
Q

Target of ACTH

a. Adrenal gland
b. All cells in the body
c. Gonads
d. Thyroid

A

Target of ACTH

a. Adrenal gland
b. All cells in the body
c. Gonads
d. Thyroid

37
Q

Target of FSH

a. Adrenal gland
b. All cells in the body
c. Gonads
d. Thyroid

A

Target of FSH
​
a. Adrenal gland
b. All cells in the body
c. Gonads
d. Thyroid

38
Q

Target of Prolactin

a. Adrenal gland
b. All cells in the body
c. Mammary gland
d. Thyroid

A

Target of Prolactin

a. Adrenal gland
b. All cells in the body
c. Mammary gland
d. Thyroid

39
Q

storage site of ADH and Oxytocin

a. Adenohypophyssis
b. Neurohypophysis

A

storage site of ADH and Oxytocin

a. Adenohypophyssis
b. Neurohypophysis

40
Q

All of the following are direct effector hormones except

a. Prolactin
b. LH
c. Growth Hormone

A

All of the following are direct effector hormones except

a. Prolactin
b. LH
c. Growth Hormone

41
Q

Most abundant of all pituitary hormones

A

GH

42
Q

major growth factor induced by GH

A

IGF-1 (somatomedin C)

43
Q

Excess GH developed in adulthood

a. Gigantism
b. Acromegaly

A

Excess GH developed in adulthood

a. Gigantism
b. Acromegaly

44
Q

Gold standard for GH deficiency testing

a. Insulin Tolerance Test
b. Arginie Syimulation Test

A

Gold standard for GH deficiency testing

a. Insulin Tolerance Test
b. Arginie Syimulation Test

45
Q

Confirmatory test for acromegaly

a. Insulin Tolerance Test
b. Arginie Syimulation Test
c. Glucose Suppression Test

A

Confirmatory test for acromegaly

a. Insulin Tolerance Test
b. Arginie Syimulation Test
c. Glucose Suppression Test

46
Q

Hormone that is a chromophobe

a. Thyrotropes
b. Corticotropes
c. Somatotropes

A

Hormone that is a chromophobe

a. Thyrotropes
b. Corticotropes
c. Somatotropes

47
Q

Hormone that stain blue

a. Thyrotropes
b. Corticotropes
c. Somatotropes

A

Hormone that stain blue

a. Thyrotropes
b. Corticotropes
c. Somatotropes

48
Q

stress hormone

A

prolactin

49
Q
A
49
Q

inhibitory factor of prolactin

A

dopamine

50
Q

consequence of prolactin excess

A

hypoganodism

51
Q

in males hyperprolacteinemia results to

A

impotence

52
Q

decreases production of urine by promoting reabsorption of water by renal tubules

A

ADH

53
Q

deficient ADH, severe polyuria (>3L of urine), low specific gravity

A

Diabetes insipidus

54
Q

deficiency of ADH with normal ADH receptor - failure of the pituitary gland to secrete ADH

A

True DI

55
Q
  • normal ADH but abnormal ADH receptor
  • renal resistance to ADH action
A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

56
Q

failure of the pituitary gland to secrete ADH

a.True Diabetes Insipidus
b. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A

failure of the pituitary gland to secrete ADH

a.True Diabetes Insipidus
b. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

57
Q

failure of the kidneys to respond to normal or elevated ADH levels

a.True Diabetes Insipidus
b. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A

failure of the kidneys to respond to normal or elevated ADH levels

a.True Diabetes Insipidus
b. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

58
Q
  • occurs in cases of SIADH secretion
  • ADH is released despite low serum osmolality in association with normal or increased blood volume

A. Relative
B. Absolute

A
  • occurs in cases of SIADH secretion
  • ADH is released despite low serum osmolality in association with normal or increased blood volume

A. Relative
B. Absolute

59
Q

Laboratory test and specimen for ADH

A

RIA
EDTA Plasma

60
Q
  • An indirect measure of ADH content
  • Water is withheld from the patient for 8 hours
A

Overnight water deprivation test

61
Q

Serum osmolality in ADH ref range

a. 265 – 290mOsm/kg
b. 240 – 280mOsm/kg
b. 275 – 295mOsm/kg

A

Serum osmolality in ADH ref range

a. 265 – 290mOsm/kg
b. 240 – 280mOsm/kg
b. 275 – 295mOsm/kg

CLIN CHEM (7 decks)

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