tumor markers

Question 1

A - Fetoprotein

Answer 1

HCC, testicular (+beta-hCG), transport and osmotic pressure like albumin

Question 2

CA - 125

Answer 2

ovarian cancer, not for asymptomatic

Question 3

Carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA)

Answer 3

oncofetal ag surveil, colorectal, (lung, breast, GI), immuno-enzymatic sandwich

Question 4

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Answer 4

implant, testicular cancer, beta subunit immunoassay (10-10,000 mIU/ml)

Question 5

Prostate Specific Ag (PSA)

Answer 5

therapy treatment and screen 50 yr, infection, enlargement, irritation

Question 6

CA 15-3

Answer 6

Breast cancer, sandwich

Question 7

CA 19-9

Answer 7

Modified Lea, pancreatic cancer + biopsy, bile duct/colon (pancreatitis, cholestasis)

Question 8

Ig Free light chain

Answer 8

M spike, nephelometry, light chain ratio (.26-1.65)

Question 9

Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4)

Answer 9

more sensitive than CA-125, ROMA risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm, sandwich

Question 10

B2-microglobulin

Answer 10

high cell turnover

Question 11

characteristics of marker

Answer 11

specific, absent in healthy, detectable, increase w progression, indicate effective chemo,

Question 12

Hook effect

Answer 12

Extreme high Ag saturate Ab, decrease signal

Question 13

Heterophile Ab

Answer 13

patient has ab against human or animal immunoglobulin reagent, false elevated

Question 14

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Answer 14

separate, id, and quantify components like metabolites in a mixture, 1. extract from plasma or urine, 2. injected into solvent flowing through column containing separation media, 3. separated by size, electrical charge, polarity, 4. device monitors electronic signal

Question 15

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 15

incubated with ab, nuclear, cytoplasmic, membranous