Tumor markers Flashcards
Determine the outcome
Prognosis
Determine the cause
Diagnosis
regrowth of malignant tumor on the same tissue
Reccurence
normally present in fetal period; once adult, cannot be detected
oncofetal
presence in adult age indicates liver cancer
alpha-fetoprotein
respiration rate is higher compared to normal cells
malignant cell
has radiation
PET scan
Oncofetal antigen
Colorectal cancer
Serve as pancreatic, lung, breast, and ovarian cancer
CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
Equivalent of albumin in adults
Alpha fetoprotein
Peak of oncoferal protein
20-30 weeks of pregnancy
Indicator of hepatoma
Alpha fetoprotein
Marker of tetrablastoma, testicular, and/or cancer
Alpha fetoprotein
can be measured by measuring amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Burts defect
Elevated in amniotic fluid
nerual tube defect/fetal distress
Decreased in amniotic fluid
Down syndrome
Prostatic carcinoma
Higher sensitivity in diagnosis
Prostate specific antigen
PSA is better tested with
PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase
Adenocarcinoma of the OVARY or fallopian tube
Also present in lungs and GIT
CA 125
CA 125 is falsely elevated in
ovulation, endometriosis, pelvic inflammation
Breast cancer CA
CA 15-3
type of cancer also seen in CA 15-3
Breast cancer
Seen in multiple myeloma
Bence Jones Proteins
B cell disorder marker
Bence Jones Proteins
Bence Jones Proteins precipitates at
60 deg C
Bence Jones Proteins dissolves at
100 deg C
Mucin glycoprotein identical to lewis blood group anrigen
CA19-9
Indicator of pancreatic cancer
CA19-9
CA 19-9 is present in
Pancreatitis
Cystic Fibrosis
Inflammatory bowel
Oncogenes in tissues PCR: leukemia and lymphoma
k-ras
Oncogenes in tissues PCR: neuroblastoma
N-myc
Oncogenes in tissues PCR: Lymphoma
B-lymp 1
Oncogenes in tissues PCR: osterosarcoma
C-met
Oncogenes in tissues PCR: lung cancer
C-myc
Oncogenes in tissues PCR: breast cancer
Her-2/NEU
Abnormal proteins are usually detected in ____
surface
Stain only binds to ___ in immunohistochemistry
proteins
Best tool for detecting cancers
Biopsy
non-specific and can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions
Tumor markers
More useful than a single test
Serial testing
Metabolic markers: body wasting
Proteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides
Metabolic marker: elevates in liver damage
bilirubin
Metabolic marker: injury of tissue
enzyme
Endocrine marker: Elevates in cancers related to gonads (uterine, testicular cancer)
Human gonadotropin
Endocrine markers: Hematopoietin
Cerebellar hemangioblastoma
Endocrine marker: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
Calcitonin and Thyroglobulin
Endocrine marker: Inappropriate secretion of ADH
Water and electrolyte imbalance
Small cell carcinoma of the lung (ectopic tumor)
Enzymes: Marker of lung, breast, and ovarian cancer; prostatic cancer
Creatine kinase
Most common isoenzyme of CK
CK-BB
Measurement of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (TALIm)
Thymolpthalein monophosphatase (E)
A-napthyl phosphatase (K)
L-tartrate
Immunoenzymatic assay (tandem E)
