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CC2 lecture > Toxicology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Toxicology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

chemicals that are not normally found/produced by the body

A

Xenobiotics

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2
Q

Routes of exposure:

A

ingested, inhaled, or intradermal absorption

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3
Q

Local effects are most common in

A

Intradermal absorption

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4
Q

Wider range of circulation

A

Systemic

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5
Q

Toxic effects can be assessed by measuring:

A

ALT and GGT

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6
Q

Most affected organ in toxicology

A

Liver

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7
Q

single exposure with violent response - severe

A

Acute

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8
Q

Multiple small dosage such as alcohol consumption

A

Chronic

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9
Q

qualitative testing (presence or absence) (immunochromatography)

A

Screening

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10
Q

high specificity and sensitivity (quantitative) (mass spectrometry: GCMS, LCMS, ICP-MS, AAS for metals)

A

Confirmatory

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11
Q

:movement of drugs and metabolites in the body in relation to time and administration

A

Toxicokinetics

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12
Q

Useful method for screening and qualitative detection

A

24 hour urine specimen

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13
Q

Recommended volume for urine specimen

A

60 mL

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14
Q

Common preservative of urine

A

Concentrated acid

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15
Q

Tube collection for most metals

A

Royal blue

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16
Q

Tube collection for Lead

A

Tan

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17
Q

Prone to loss by metabolism

A

Mercury and arsenic

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18
Q

Dose of drug: concentration of the drug at which 50% of treated individulas will experience

A

ED50

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19
Q

Dose of drug in which 50% of individuals will experience toxic adverse effects

A

TD50

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20
Q

Dose of drug in which 50% of individuals will result in mortality

A

LD50

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21
Q

CNS stimulator; elicits sense of excitement and euphoria

A

COCAINE

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22
Q

Half life of cocaine

A

4-7 hours

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23
Q

Urine metabolite of Cocaine

A

Benzoylecgonine

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24
Q

Clearance time of cocaine

A

3 days single use
up to 20 days for chronic use

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25
Q

Acute intoxication of cocaine

A

hypertension, arrythmia (tachycardia), and AMI

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26
Q

Oldest and most widely used
Can cause intense euphoria and “a sense of well-being”
Relaxing effect

A

Cannabinoids

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27
Q

Source of cannabinoids

A

Cannabis sativa

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28
Q

Metabolite of cannabinoids

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

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29
Q

Half life cannabinoids

A

1 day if single use
3-5 days if chronic

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30
Q

Longest to be removed in the body

A

cannabinoids

31
Q

Detection window of cannabinoids

A

5 days in a single use
4 weeks chronic

32
Q

Crystal meth

A

Methamphetamine hydrochloride

33
Q

party drug or tablet form of meth

A

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy)

34
Q

Euphoria and Mental Alertnetss

A

Amphetamines

35
Q

Half-life of Amphetamines

A

10 hours

36
Q

Detection window of amphetamine

A

3 days

37
Q

Effects of Amphetamines

A

CNS and Respiratory stimulation
Anorexia
Psychic stimulation and excitability
Temporary increase in mental and physical activity

38
Q

Administered to ADHD to prolong attention span

A

Adderall

39
Q

Commonly known as “angel dust” or “angel hair”

A

PCP - phencyclidine

40
Q

Metabolite of PCP

A

1(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine (PCHP)
4-Phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl) cyclohexanol (PPC)
5-(N-1-phenylcyclohexyl)amino]pentanoic acid (PCAA)

41
Q

PCP acts as

A

Analgesic
anesthetic
stimulant

42
Q

Adverse effect of PCP

A

Stupor and coma

43
Q

Opiates are derived from

A

Opium poppy plant

44
Q

Modified natural forms of opiates

A

Heroin
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
oxyxodone (percodan)

45
Q

Syntheti/More addicitve opiates

A

Meperidine (Demerol)
Methadone (Dolophine)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
Pentazocine (Talwin)
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

46
Q

Adverse effects of opiates

A

respiratory acidosis due to depression of respiratory centers

myoglobinuria

increase in serum indicators of cardiac damage

47
Q

Sedative: Barbiturates (SePhenPen)

A

Secobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital

48
Q

Sedatives: Benzodiazepines (LoDiChlo) / (VaLibAt)

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Chlorodiazepoxide (librium)
Lorazepam (ativan)

49
Q

Enhanced by alcohol consumption

A

Sedatives

50
Q

Not allowed to collect specimen for drug analysis

A

employer of client
crime investigator
complainant
owner/administrator of establishment

51
Q

Remote collection sites needs permit from

A

Bureau of Health Facilities and
Services BHFS/CHD

52
Q

Types of collection:

A

Single: 1 container
Split: one time collection but two containers equal volume

53
Q

Specimen container for urine

A

Urine: 30 or 60 ml, polyethylene bottle, wide mouth with screw cap

54
Q

Specimen container for saliva

A

30 mL polyethylene bottle

55
Q

Specimen container for blood

A

10 mL plain test tube

56
Q

Specimen container for hair

A

Self-sealed transplant plastic bag

57
Q

Specimen container for Sweat

A

BFAD approved sweat patch

58
Q

Specimen container for tissue

A

screw capped plastic container

59
Q

Minimum requirement for scalp hair

A

100 mg or equivalent

60
Q

Minimum requirement for saliva

A

2mL single
1.5 and 0.5 split

61
Q

Minimum requirement for Sweat

A

DOH cleared patch worn for 7 to 14 days

62
Q

Minimum requirement for urine:

A

60 mL single
30 mL each spit sample

63
Q

Minimum requirement for blood:

A

5 mL

64
Q

procedure to account for the integrity of each specimen or aliquot by tracking and storage from point of specimen collection to final disposition of the specimen and its aliquot

A

Chain of custody

65
Q

contain the following: all steps of collection, persons who handled the specimen, status and integrity of specimen, pertinent info

A

Custody and Control froms

66
Q

Storage for urine

A

-20 deg C

67
Q

Storage for hair

A

cool and dry place

68
Q

Storage for saliva

A

deep frozen at leat -8 to -10 deg C

69
Q

Storage for blood separated serum

A

immediate freeze at -20 deg C

70
Q

Storage for tissue

A

macerated and frozen

71
Q

Specimen retention: Negative

A

5 days

72
Q

Specimen retention: Positive

A

Minimum of 15 days

73
Q

Specimen retention judicial proceedings or upon request

A

up to a year

74
Q

Test results are valid for

A

1 year from date of issue

CC2 lecture (5 decks)

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