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CC2 lecture > Other Toxic Substances > Flashcards

Other Toxic Substances Flashcards

1
Q

Edible form of alcohol

A

Ethanol

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2
Q

Organ that detoxifies alcohol

A

Liver

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3
Q

Ethanol is converted to -___________ by ADH -> ALDH -> acetic acid

A

acetone

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4
Q

Chronic consumption of ethanol progresses to:

A

Hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis

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5
Q

causes severe acidosis

A

Ethanol

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6
Q

alcohol that is converted to formaldehhyde -> ALDH -> Formic Acid

A

Methanol

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7
Q

Causes blindness and death

A

Methanol

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8
Q

Ethylene glycol is converted to

A

Oxalic and glycolic acid

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9
Q

Having sweet odor and taste
Often used as an anti-freeze agent

A

Ethylene glycol

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10
Q

Signs of poisoning in methanol:

A

Increased amounts of calcium oxalates monohydrate crystals
Metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Products are: acetone and acetic acid

A

Isopropyl alcohol

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12
Q

alcohol that has longer metabolism than ethanol

A

Isopropyl alcohol

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13
Q

Reference method for Alcohol

A

Gas liquid chromatography

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14
Q

General formula of alcohol conversion:

A

Alcohol — ADH —> Aldehyde –ALDH–> Acid

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15
Q

Common indicator of ethanol abuse

A

GGT
AST
AST/ALT
HDL
MCV

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16
Q

Increases can be seen before onset of pathologic consequence

Increases in serum activity; can occur in many non-ethanol conditions

A

GGT

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17
Q

Increases in serum activity; can occur in many non-ethanol conditions

A

AST

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18
Q

Ratio greater than 2.0 is highly specific for ethanol related liver conditions

A

AST/ALT Ratio

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19
Q

High serum level is specific for ethanol consumption

A

HDL

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20
Q

High serum level is specific for ethanol consumption

A

HDL

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21
Q

Increased erythrocyte _______ is commonly seen with excessive ethanol consumption

Not related to folate or Vit B12 deficiency

A

MCV

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22
Q

Irreversible bind with RBC

A

CO carbon monoxide

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23
Q

Tissue hypoxia leads to

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

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24
Q

Screening of carbon monocide

A

Cherry red color of the blood

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25
Q

Qualitative test for CO2: 5mL 40% NaOH + 5mL blood -> _______

A

pink color (20% or greater)

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26
Q

Quantitative test for CO2

A

Differential spectrometry, GCMS

27
Q

Typical COHB% in non smmokers

A

0.5

28
Q

Typical COHB% range of values seen in smokers

A

5-15

29
Q

Typical COHB% SOB with vigorous exercise

A

10

30
Q

Typical COHB% SOB moderate exercise

A

20

31
Q

Typical COHB% severe headavhes, fatigue, impairment of judgement

A

30

32
Q

Typical COHB% confusion, faining on exertion

A

40-50

33
Q

Typical COHB% unconsciousness, respiratory failure, death with continuos exposure

A

60-70

34
Q

Typical COHB% immediately fatal

A

80

35
Q

Often used as rodenticide/insectide

A

Cyanide

36
Q

Tissue and cellular hypoxia is caused by

A

Cyanide

37
Q

Analysis of Cyanide

A

Ion-Selective Electrode

38
Q

Diagnosis and Manifestations:
Odor: Better almonds
Altered mental status
Tachypnea
Cyanosis
Metabolic acidosis

A

Cyanide

39
Q

Insecticide/Rodenticide/Herbicide, presercative, paints, ceramimcs

A

Arsenic

40
Q

Absorption of arsenic is through:

A

Skin, GIT, Lungs

41
Q

True or False: Arsenic cannot cross placenta

A

False- can cross

42
Q

Manifestations of arsenic:

A

Garlic odor of breath
Metallic taste

43
Q

Diagnostic of Arsenic is through:

A

Urine, Hair, and Nails

44
Q

Method of detection for arsenic

A

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

45
Q

Component of Battery

A

Cadmium

46
Q

Kidney accumulation of cadmium leads to

A

renal dysfunction

47
Q

vitamin D deficiency which leads to osteoporosis and osteomalacia

A

Itai-itai disease

48
Q

Half life of Cadmium

A

10-30 years

49
Q

Method of detection for cadmium

A

AAS - urine or blood

50
Q

Binds to proteins and inhibits enzymes

A

Mercury

51
Q

Effects of Mercury in intestinal absorption

A

bloody diarrhea due to ulceration and necrosis

52
Q

proteinuria and loss of tubular function is caused by

A

mercury

53
Q

Method of analysis for Mercury

A

AAS and Anodic Strippin Voltammetry

54
Q

Forms of mercury

A

Metallic/Elemental
Mercurous
Mercuric
Alkyl Mercury

55
Q

Long term effect on CNS and GIT

A

Lead

56
Q

May be ingested or inhaled

A

Lead

57
Q

Common component of paint, crayons, ceramics

A

Lead

58
Q

Half life of lead:

A

32 years

59
Q

Inhibits heme synthesis and enzyme activity

A

lead

60
Q

Method of detection: Lead

A

AAS and Anodic Strippin Voltammetry

61
Q

Blood tube for Lead

A

tan EDTA

62
Q

Most Effective Screening urine:

A

Aminolevulnic acid and protophyrins

63
Q

Most effective screening :
Caused by inability of Red cell to extrude remaining DNA ( impairment of pyrimidine nucleotidase - present in nucleated cells)

A

Basophilic stippling (remnants of DNA)

CC2 lecture (5 decks)

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