tumor immunology

Question 1

prevention of development of most tumors through early destruction of abnormal cells

Answer 1

immune surveillance

Question 2

immune system in surveillance

Answer 2

• tumors contain lymphoid infiltrate
• spontaneous regression of tumors
• tumors high in neonatal and aged and immunocompromised

Question 3

what percent are non-tumor cells?

Answer 3

20-80%

Question 4

immune surveillance depends on the type of tumor inducing agent..

Answer 4

• viral
• chemically induced tumors
• spontaneous mutations

Question 5

viral immune surveillance

Answer 5

express new viral antigen that become target for immune response

Question 6

chemically induced tumors immune surveillance

Answer 6

highly antigenic by expressing unique antigens

Question 7

spontaneous mutations immune surveillance

Answer 7

deletions and rearrangements lead to tumorigenesis

- difficult to respond to because most of the tumor cells have similar antigens as normal

Question 8

what is the central paradox of tumor immunology?

Answer 8

immunological escape

Question 9

when does immunological escape occur?

Answer 9

balance between factors favoring tumor growth is favored over destruction

Question 10

Sneak through, not recognize until growth is established

a. tumor kinetics
b. antigenic modulation
c. antigen masking
d. antigen shedding

Answer 10

a. tumor kinetics

Question 11

loss of the determinants leading to removal of target antigens that the immune system’s effectors would recognize

a. tumor kinetics
b. antigenic modulation
c. antigen masking
d. antigen shedding

Answer 11

b. antigenic modulation

Question 12

certain molecules such as sialomucin, bond to membrane masks tumor antigens and prevent recognition

a. tumor kinetics
b. antigenic modulation
c. antigen masking
d. antigen shedding

Answer 12

c. antigen masking

Question 13

circulating soluble tumor associated antigens capable of compromising t chin of antigen binding sites particularly in the tumor microenvironment

a. tumor kinetics
b. antigenic modulation
c. antigen masking
d. antigen shedding

Answer 13

d. antigen shedding

Question 14

inhibition of effective immune response by induction of apoptosis of reactive t cells by generation of suppressive cellular and cytokine environment. failure to generate antigen specific t cells

a. tolerance
b. genetic factors
c. inhibitory factors
d. tumor products

Answer 14

a. tolerance

Question 15

some neoplasm fail to express mhc I antigen. HLA expression is frequently altered in tumors

a. tolerance
b. genetic factors
c. inhibitory factors
d. tumor products

Answer 15

b. genetic factors

Question 16

immune complexes generated by binding of shaded tumor antigens with antibodies could block immune response by binding directly to t cells or binding to th cells and preventing them to recognize the tumors and delivering help to cytotoxic t cells

a. tolerance
b. genetic factors
c. inhibitory factors
d. tumor products

Answer 16

c. inhibitory factors

Question 17

secretory products from tumors capable of inhibiting effective immune functions

a. tolerance
b. genetic factors
c. inhibitory factors
d. tumor products

Answer 17

d. tumor products

Question 18

innate immunity against tumors cells

Answer 18

• NK cells
• PMNs
• monocytes/macrophages
• killer cells

Question 19

Innate immunity against tumors

Answer 19

cells can kill tumors spontaneously without prior sensitization

Question 20

Essentially evoked against tumor associated antigens

Answer 20

adaptive immune resposne

Question 21

adaptive immune response against tumors cells

Answer 21

th cells

cytotoxic cells

Question 22

cytotoxic t cells and tumors

Answer 22

recognize tumor antigens in association with MHC products

Question 23

Th cells and tumors

Answer 23

after activation produce interleukins which mediate immune response

Question 24

t/f amplification of these responses require an optimal supply of cytokines/interleukins

Answer 24

true

Question 25

mechanisms responsible for failure to generate antigen specific t cells

Answer 25

• defects in t cells
• defects in APCs and antigen presentation
• defect in microenvironment

Question 26

defects in APCs and antigen presentation

Answer 26

• absence of co-stim molecules

- checkpoint inhibiton

Question 27

when is immunotherapy effective?

Answer 27

as adjuvant with conventional therapies

Question 28

facilitates the destruction of hard to treat tumor foci which escapes conventional therapies

Answer 28

immunotherapy

Question 29

what should immunotherapy enhance?

Answer 29

specific and non-specific host response

Question 30

what should immunotherapy minimize?

Answer 30

tumor escape

Question 31

use inactivated tumor cells

Answer 31

therapeutic vaccination

Question 32

make tumor cells more immunogenic

Answer 32

therapeutic vaccination

Question 33

correction of MHC expression

Answer 33

therapeutic vaccination

Question 34

immunization with defined peptide in novel adjuvant to generate cytotoxic t cells

Answer 34

therapeutic vaccination

Question 35

recruitment, expansion and target DCs

Answer 35

therapeutic vaccination

Question 36

provenge

Answer 36

therapeutic vaccination

Question 37

immunization against oncogenic viruses

Answer 37

prophylactic vaccination

Question 38

hepatitis b vaccine

Answer 38

prophylactic vaccination

Question 39

monoclonal antibodies are used either alone or coupled to drugs, pro-drugs, toxins, cytokines or isotopes

Answer 39

passive immunotherapy

Question 40

antibodies inhibit neovascularization

Answer 40

avastin

Question 41

limitation to passive immunotherapy

Answer 41

• antibody penetration
• antibodies bound to other cells
• antibodies immunogenic

Question 42

nivolumab

Answer 42

check point inhibitor

Question 43

when do tumors develop?

Answer 43

when surveillance system breaks down or overwhelmed

Question 44

what will be critical for management of malignant disease?

Answer 44

adjuvant immunotherapy