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Miller > tumor > Flashcards

tumor Flashcards

1
Q

epiphyseal tumor in a child

A

chondroblastoma

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2
Q

epiphyseal tumor in an adult

A

giant cell or clear cell chondrosarcoma

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3
Q

tumor in tibial shaft in adult and child

A

adult - adamantimoma, child - osteofibrous dysplasia

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4
Q

where will the test usually show osteosarcoma and ewing’s sarcoma in a kid?

A

osteosarc usually metaphyseal, ewing’s usually diaphyseal

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5
Q

treatment for parosteal osteosarcoma

A

surgery only

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6
Q

3 common chemos used in osteosarcoma

A

doxorubicin, cisplatin, high dose methotrexate

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7
Q

most common side effect of doxorubicin

A

cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

most common side effect of cisplatin

A

ototoxicity

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9
Q

first and second most common pediatric bone cancer

A

osteosarcoma first, ewings sarcoma second

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10
Q

positive stains in Ewings

A

CD99, FLI1

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11
Q

what stains CD1a+?

A

LCH

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12
Q

what stains CD20+?

A

lymphoma

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13
Q

what stains myogenin+?

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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14
Q

t(11;22) EWS-FLI1

A

Ewing’s

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15
Q

chemo regimen for Ewing’s

A

VAC-IE - vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide

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16
Q

what causes fibrous dysplasia?

A

GNAS mutation -> g-protein defect -> increased cAMP

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17
Q

CD34+

A

angiosarcoma

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18
Q

what are the neoplastic cells in giant cell tumor?

A

preosteoblasts that express RANKL

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19
Q

brachyury+

A

chordoma

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20
Q

most common primary bone tumor in hand

A

enchondroma

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21
Q

soft tissue tumor deep to serratus anterior

A

elastofibroma, observe but remove if symptomatic

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22
Q

soft tissue sarcoma thats beta catenin positive

A

desmoid tumor

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23
Q

soft tissue sarcomas that go to lymph nodes

A

RACES - rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, clear cell, epithelioid, synovial

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24
Q

translocation in myxoid liposarcoma

A

t(12;16), TLS-CHOP

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25
Q

translocation in synovial sarcoma

A

t(x;18) SYT/SSX

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26
Q

soft tissue sarcoma EMA+ and keratin+

A

synovial sarcoma

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27
Q

most common soft tissue sarcoma in children

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

28
Q

translocation in rhabdomyosarcoma

A

t(2;13) PAX3/PAX7-FKHR

29
Q

translocation in clear cell sarcoma

A

t(12;22), EWS-ATF1

30
Q

soft tissue sarcoma radiation protocol

A

5000 cGy over 5 weeks preop, 6600 cGy over 6 weeks post op

31
Q

how does photon radiation work?

A

creates free radicals capable of causing lethal DNA strand breaks

32
Q

what does IDH1 and 2 treat?

A

chondrosarcoma

33
Q

what is Jaffe-campanacci syndrome?

A

multiple NOFs, cafe au lait spots, hypogonadism, cognitive delay

34
Q

what is mazabraud syndrome?

A

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and myxomas

35
Q

what is hand-schuller-christian syndrome?

A

multifocal skeletal LCH + diabetes insipidus

36
Q

what is letterer-siwe syndrome?

A

multifocal LCH (+extra-skeletal)

37
Q

CD138+

A

multiple myeloma

38
Q

CD45+

A

lymphoma, leukemia

39
Q

CD99+

A

Ewing’s

40
Q

symptoms of multiple myeloma

A

CRAB - hyperCalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, bone manifestations. also prone to VTE

41
Q

diaphyseal tumors

A

AEIOUY - adamantimoma, eosinophilic granuloma, infection, osteoid osteoma/otseoblastoma, ewing, mYeloma, lYmphoma, fibrous dYsplasia

42
Q

translocation in myxoid chondrosarcoma

A

t(9;22), EWS-CHN

43
Q

genetic association in Olliers and Mafuccis

A

PTHR1

44
Q

summarize the Enneking staging system

A

I - low grade, II - high grade, III - any mets. A - intra-compartmental, B - extra-compartmental

45
Q

risks of pre vs post op radiation

A

pre op - wound healing, post op - fibrosis

46
Q

most common soft tissue sarcoma in hand and wrist

A

epithelioid sarcoma

47
Q

most common soft tissue sarcoma in foot and ankle

A

synovial sarcoma

48
Q

which soft tissue sarcoma requires CT abd/pelvis in addition to CT chest?

A

liposarcoma

49
Q

inheritance of NF

A

autosomal dominant

50
Q

rate of chondrosarcoma with regular osteochondroma and in MHE

A

1%, 10% in MHE

51
Q

blue cell tumors

A

LERNM (learn ‘em) - lymphoma, ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, myeloma

52
Q

lymphoma treatment

A

multiagent chemo (CHOP), consolidative radiation

53
Q

treatment for adamantimoma

A

wide-margin surgical resection

54
Q

ABC initial treatment

A

open curettage

55
Q

UBC initial treatment

A

aspiration/injection

56
Q

which tibial lesion is fibroosseous with rimming osteoblasts

A

osteofibrous dysplasia

57
Q

what factors are released during bone resorption that stimulate tumor cells to multiply and release more PTHrP

A

TGF-B, IGF-1, calcium

58
Q

loss of INI1 expression

A

epithelioid sarcoma (most common sarcoma of hand)

59
Q

molecular pathway targeted in tenosynovial giant cell tumor of tendon sheath

A

CSF-1, plexidartinib

60
Q

what other condition is MHE associated with?

A

madelung’s

61
Q

chondrosarcoma treatment

A

wide resection

62
Q

how do tumor cells metastasize

A

secrete PTHrP -> release of RANKL from osteoblasts -> binds RANK-R on osteoclast precursors. if G-CSF present osteoclasts activate and resorb bone, resorption releases TGF-B, IGF-1, calcium, these stimulate tumor cells to multiply and release more PTHrP

63
Q

SATB2 positive

A

osteosarc

64
Q

3 most common primary bone sarcomas

A

1 - osteosarc. 2 - chondrosarc. 3 - ewings

65
Q

histo showing chicken wire calcifications and cobblestone appearance

A

chondroblastoma

66
Q

genetic association with maffuccis and ollier’s

A

PTHR1

Miller (12 decks)

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