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anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

obturator nerve nerve roots

A

L2-4

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2
Q

femoral nerve nerve roots

A

L2-4

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3
Q

sciatic nerve nerve roots

A

L4-S3

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4
Q

LFCN nerve roots

A

L2-L3

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5
Q

ilioinguinal nerve roots

A

T12-L1

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6
Q

iliohypogastric nerve roots

A

T12-L1

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7
Q

genitofemoral nerve roots

A

L1-2

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8
Q

anatomy at suprascapular notch

A

superior transverse scapular ligament separates suprascapular artery superiorly and nerve inferiorly (army over navy - artery over nerve)

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9
Q

first bone to ossify

A

clavicle at 5 weeks

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10
Q

humeral head retroversion

A

30 degrees

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11
Q

humeral head height

A

5.6 cm above superior border of pec major tendon

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12
Q

what prevents AP displacement at the AC joint

A

AC ligaments

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13
Q

CC ligament locations relative to AC joint

A

conoid is more medial (45 mm from AC joint, stronger), trapezoid is more lateral (25 mm from AC joint)

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14
Q

borders of quadrangular space

A

superior - teres minor, inferior - teres major, medial - long head of triceps, lateral - humerus

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15
Q

contents of quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve, posterior humeral circumflex vessels

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16
Q

borders of triangular space

A

superior - teres minor, inferior - teres major, lateral - long head of triceps

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17
Q

contents of triangular space

A

circumflex scapular vessels

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18
Q

borders of triangular interval

A

superior - teres major, lateral - lateral head of triceps/humerus, medial - long head of triceps

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19
Q

contents of triangular interval

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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20
Q

trapezius innervation

A

cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve)

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21
Q

lat innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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22
Q

rhomboids innervation

A

dorsal scapluar nerve

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23
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A

C3 and C4 nerves

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24
Q

pec major innervation

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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25
Q

pec minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

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26
Q

serratus anterior innervation

A

long thoracic nerve

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27
Q

deltoid innervation

A

axillary nerve

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28
Q

teres major innervation

A

lower subscapular nerve

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29
Q

subscap innervation

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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30
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

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31
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

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32
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

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33
Q

order of insertion at intertubercular groove

A

pec major most lateral, lat in the middle, teres major most medial

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34
Q

main blood supply to humeral head

A

anterolateral branch of anterior humeral circumflex artery

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35
Q

muscles innervated by radial nerve proper

A

triceps, anconeus, ECRL, ECRB, brachioradialis

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36
Q

muscles innervated by PIN

A

ED, supinator, EDM, ECU, APL, EPL, EPB, EIP

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37
Q

what nerve does posterior cutaneous nerve to the arm and forearm come from

A

radial nerve

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38
Q

which cord does the radial nerve originate from

A

posterior cord

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39
Q

where is the spiral groove safe zone in a posterior approach to the humerus

A

10 cm distal to lateral acromion, 10 cm proximal to lateral epicondyle

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40
Q

where does the radial nerve pierce the intermuscular septum?

A

never less than 7.5 cm above articular surface

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41
Q

primary static stabilizer to valgus stress at the elbow

A

medial/ulnar collateral ligament, anterior bundle most important

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42
Q

where does the LUCL attach distally

A

supinator crest

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43
Q

what is the ligament of struthers

A

attaches supracondylar process and medial epicondyle, site of compression for median nerve

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44
Q

biceps brachii insertion

A

ulnar margin of radial tuberosity, long head is proximal, short head is distal

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45
Q

first carpal bone to ossify

A

capitate at 1 year

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46
Q

when are anterior and posterior bands of UCL taut

A

0-60 = anterior, 60-120 = posterior

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47
Q

coracobrachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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48
Q

biceps brachii innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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49
Q

brachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous and radial

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50
Q

triceps innervation

A

radial nerve

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51
Q

pronator teres origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin medial epicondyle and coronoid, insertion midlateral radius, innervation median nerve

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52
Q

FCU origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin medial epicondyle and posterior ulna, insertion pisiform, innervation ulnar nerve

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53
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

AIN

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54
Q

brachioradialis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin lateral supracondylar humerus, insertion lateral distal radius, innervation radial nerve

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55
Q

ECRL origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin lateral supracondylar humerus, insertion second metacarpal base, innervation radial nerve

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56
Q

ECRB origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin lateral epicondyle, insertion third metacarpal base, innervation radial nerve

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57
Q

anconeus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin lateral epicondyle, insertion proximal dorsal ulna, innervation radial nerve

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58
Q

extensor digitorum origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin lateral epicondyle, insertion extensor aponeurosis, innervation PIN

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59
Q

EDM origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin common extensor tendon, insertion small finger extensor expansion over P1, innervation PIN

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60
Q

ECU origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin lateral epicondyle, insertion fifth metacarpal base, innervation PIN

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61
Q

what nerve does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm come from?

A

musculocutaneous

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62
Q

terminal branches of upper trunk of brachial plexus

A

suprascapular nerve, nerve to subclavius

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63
Q

which hand intrinsics are innervated by the median nerve

A

1/2 LOAF 1/2 - half of the lumbricals, opponens pollicis, APB, 1/2 of FPB (superficial head)

64
Q

origin and insertion of lumbricals

A

origin - FDP, insertion - radial lateral bands

65
Q

terminal branches of lateral cord

A

musculocutaneous, lateral pectoral nerve, median

66
Q

terminal branches of posterior cord

A

radial, axillary, upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal

67
Q

terminal branches of medial cord

A

ulnar, medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial cutaneous, median

68
Q

which cord does the musculocutaneous nerve come from

69
Q

which cord does the radial nerve come from

70
Q

which cord does the axillary nerve come from

71
Q

which cord does the ulnar nerve come from

72
Q

which cord does the median nerve come from

A

medial and lateral

73
Q

what is the only peripheral nerve originating from a root of the brachial plexus?

A

dorsal scapular (Rhomboids)

74
Q

medial scapular winging

A

long thoracic nerve, serratus anterior

75
Q

lateral scapular winging

A

spinal accessory nerve, trapezius

76
Q

where does musculocutaneous enter the coracobrachialis

A

5-8 cm distal to coracoid

77
Q

muscles innervated by musculocutaneous

A

coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps

78
Q

where does the anterior branch of the axillary nerve enter deltoid fascia

A

5-7 cm distal to acromion

79
Q

where is the spiral groove relative to medial and lateral epicondyles

A

20cm from medial epicondyle, 14cm from lateral epicondyle

80
Q

course of superficial sensory branch of radial nerve

A

emerges through antebrachial fascia 6-9cm proximal to styloid, runs between BR and ECRL

81
Q

muscles innervated by AIN

A

FDP to first and second, FPL, PQ

82
Q

muscles innervated by median nerve

A

pronator teres, FCR, PL, FDS, 1/2LOAF1/2 (radial lumbricals, opponens pollicis, APB, supinator head of FPB)

83
Q

muscles innervated by ulnar nerve

A

FCU, FDP to 3 and 4, palmaris brevis, abductor and opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, lumbricals 3 and 4, interossei, adductor pollicis, deep head of FPB

84
Q

where does AIN run

A

branches 4cm distal to elbow then runs between FPL and FDP, terminates in PQ

85
Q

where does palmar cutaneous branch start

A

branches off of median nerve 6 cm proximal to styloid

86
Q

course of ulnar nerve

A

passes posterior to medial IM septum at Arcade of Struthers 8-10 cm from medial epicondyle, crosses elbow post to ME in cubital tunnel, enters forearm between 2 heads of FCU, runs between FCU and FDP

87
Q

where does the dorsal cutaneous branch come off ulnar nerve

A

7 cm proximal to ulnar styloid

88
Q

relationship of brachial artery to surrounding muscles in AC fossa

A

BR is lateral, PT is medial, brachialis and supinator are posterior

89
Q

supply of palmar arches

A

radial artery becomes deep palmar arch, ulnar artery becomes superficial palmar arch

90
Q

which palmar arch do the digital arteries arise from

A

superficial

91
Q

structures separating greater and lesser sciatic notch/foramina

A

iliac spine and sacrospinous ligament

92
Q

strongest hip capsular ligament

A

iliofemoral (Y ligament of Bigalow)

93
Q

iliacus innervation

94
Q

psoas innervation

95
Q

pectineus innervation

A

femoral and obturator

96
Q

rectus femoris innervation

97
Q

sartorius innervation

98
Q

hamstring muscles and innervations

A

biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus - tibial. biceps femoris short head - peroneal

99
Q

gracilis innervation

100
Q

adductor muscles and innervations

A

brevis and longus - obturator, magnus obturator and tibial

101
Q

glute muscles and innervations

A

minimus and medius - superior gluteal. maximus - inferior gluteal

102
Q

TFL innervation

A

superior gluteal

103
Q

bundle of ACL tested with pivot shift

A

posterolateral

104
Q

what does the posterior oblique ligament do

A

resist internal rotation with knee in full extension

105
Q

main components of posterolateral corner

A

LCL, popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament

106
Q

primary blood supply to talar body

A

artery of the tarsal canal from posterior tibial artery

107
Q

tib ant origin and insertion

A

origin lateral tibia, insertion medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

108
Q

EHL origin and insertion

A

origin mid fibula, insertion distal phalanx of great toe

109
Q

EDL origin and insertion

A

origin tibial condyle/fibula, insertion middle and distal phalanges of toes

110
Q

peroneus tertius origin and insertion

A

origin fibula and EDL tendon, insertion fifth metatarsal,

111
Q

peroneus longus origin and insertion

A

origin proximal fibula, insertion medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

112
Q

peroneus brevis origin and insertion

A

origin distal fibula, insertion tuberosity of fifth metatarsal

113
Q

FHL origin and insertion

A

origin fibula, insertion distal phalanx of great toe

114
Q

FDL origin and insertion

A

origin tibia, insertion distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

115
Q

tibialis posterior origin and insertion

A

origin tibia, fibula, IOM. insertion navicular and medial cuneiform

116
Q

ligaments that make up syndesmosis

A

AITFL, PITFL, IOL, transverse fibular ligament

117
Q

what ligament supports the head of the talus

A

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)

118
Q

lisfranc ligament

A

medial cuneiform to second metatarsal

119
Q

spring ligament attachments

A

sustentaculum tali to navicular

120
Q

nerves exiting below the piriformis

A

POPS IQ - pudendal, nerve to obturator internus, posterior femoral cutaneous, sciatic, inferior gluteal, nerve to quadratus femoris

121
Q

where does femoral nerve run

A

between iliacus and psoas, enters thigh via femoral triangle under inguinal ligament

122
Q

structures in femoral triangle (lateral to medial)

A

NAVeL - femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, empty, Lymphatics

123
Q

saphenous nerve nerve roots

124
Q

relationship between peroneal and tibial divisions of sciatic nerve

A

peroneal more lateral

125
Q

structures exiting greater sciatic foramen

A

piriformis, superior and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels, sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, nerve to obturator internus and quadratus femoris

126
Q

structures exiting lesser sciatic foramen

A

obturator internus, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus, internal pudendal vessels

127
Q

which posterior thigh muscle is not supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve?

A

short head of biceps femoris is supplied by peroneal division of sciatic nerve

128
Q

what nerve innervates all of the intrinsics of the foot except one?

A

tibial (via medial and lateral plantar nerves), EDB is innervated by DPN

129
Q

what is baxter’s nerve

A

most proximal branch of lateral plantar nerve that supplies abductor digiti quinti

130
Q

two terminal cutaneous branches of SPN

A

dorsal medial and dorsal intermediate cutaneous nerves

131
Q

two terminal branches of tibial nerve

A

medial and lateral plantar (divide under flexor retinaculum)

132
Q

corona mortis

A

anastomosis between inferior epigastric (external iliac) and obturator (internal iliac)

133
Q

course of femoral artery from aorta

A

aorta bifurcates to common iliacs at L4, common iliacs divide to internal and external at S1, external iliac continues under inguinal ligament to become femoral artery

134
Q

what motion occurs at occiput-C1

A

50% of flexion/extension

135
Q

what motion occurs at C1-C2

A

50% of rotation

136
Q

apex of lumbar lordosis

137
Q

C5 muscle

138
Q

C6 motion

A

wrist extension

139
Q

C7 motion

A

wrist flexion

140
Q

C8 motion

A

finger flexion

141
Q

T1 motion

A

interossei

142
Q

L4 muscle

143
Q

L5 motion

A

toe extensors

144
Q

S1 muscles

145
Q

structures in carotid sheath

A

internal and common carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve (CN X)

146
Q

where does piriformis originate

A

anterior sacrum

147
Q

where is the sciatic nerve relative to the ischial tuberosity?

A

1.2 cm lateral

148
Q

where is the radial nerve relative to the confluence of triceps aponeurosis and long/lateral head of triceps

A

4 cm proximal

149
Q

where does radial nerve branch to PIN and superficial sensory

A

1-3 cm distal to lateral epicondyle

150
Q

where does AIN branch from medial nerve

A

4cm distal to elbow, runs between FPL and FDP

151
Q

what nerve is at risk with posterior ICBG and where does it branch

A

superior cluneal nerve, branches 8cm lateral to PSIS

152
Q

what nerve lies on the anteromedial psoas muscle

A

genitofemoral

153
Q

mnemonic for lumbar plexus

A

I (twice) get laid on fridays - iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, LFCN, obturator, femoral

154
Q

which nerve emerges anterior to the psoas

A

genitofemoral

155
Q

which nerve emerges medial to the psoas

156
Q

which nerves emerge lateral to the psoas

A

iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, LFCN, femoral

Miller (12 decks)

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