Tulving's Long Term Memory

Question 1

Overview

Answer 1

Based on the MSM of LTM, yet makes a distinction between episodic memory (e.g. remembering a holiday) and more general memory

Question 2

Procedural Memory

2

Answer 2

The memory of how to do things e.g. tying laces

You can maintain procedural memories even after forgetting being taught them in the first place

Question 3

Declarative Memory

3

Answer 3

The memory of meaningful events
e.g. could remember being taught how to play the guitar, but have forgotten the procedural memory of actually playing it
Can be split into two sub-components : Semantic & Episodic

Question 4

Semantic Memory

2

Answer 4

The memory of relationships, what things are and how they fit together
e.g. remembering you have a brother, knowing that July is after June

Question 5

Episodic Memory

2

Answer 5

The memory of particular events and information

e.g. your holiday or your address

Question 6

SODA

Answer 6

S - Case of Clive Wearing. Suffered brain damage that caused him to lose all episodic memory, yet he knows that he loves his wife, therefore has semantic memory intact. Shows that semantic and episodic memory are separate. Also knows how to play piano, procedural memory intact

O - It seems that semantic and episodic memory can rely on each other and therefore not be as separate as believed. e.g. If you learn your partner is unfaithful (episodic) you are likely to trust them less (semantic), suggesting that the 2 are linked

D - Links to Bartlett’s reconstructive memory theory. Schemas could be described as separate semantic stores. If Bartlett’s theory is true then semantic memory may have far more of an impact on our episodic memory than Tulving believed, as schemas impact our reconstructed memories

A - The distinction between semantic and episodic memory helps us better understand cases such as Clive Wearing’s. The remembrance of semantic memories can be used to calm dementia patients, acting as Cognitive Stimulation Therapy