Classic Study Flashcards
Baddeley (1966b) - APFC
A - To find out if LTM is coded acoustically or semantically
P - Ppts. split into 4 groups (Acoustically Similar & Dissimilar, Semantically Similar & Dissimilar), each shown 10 words for 3 seconds. AN interference task is completed before the Ppts. must recall the words in order. Done 4 times (15min. gap after 4th)
F - Acoustic similarities is worse than dissimilarities initially, but becomes better by the 4th trial, suggesting LTM is not confused by it. Semantically dissimilar is recalled better than similar throughout every trial.
C - LTM encodes semantically. Baddeley’s earlier experiments suggest STM encodes acoustically.
GRAVE
G - Large sample of 72 but each group only had about 15 so this is less generalisable (Anomalies have more impact)
R - Standardised so can be easily replicated. Removed read aloud to account for hearing difficulties
A - Used for future LTM research. Expanded on by Baddeley & Hitch to make Working Memory
V - Used word order instead of words to remove extraneous variables of word associating affecting recall
E – None
