Tulving 1972

Question 1

what 2 stores can LTM be divided into ?

Answer 1

episodic ( remember personal experiences)
semantic ( remember knowledge and facts )

Question 2

what contradicts this ?

Answer 2

Clive wearing playing piano as it suggests other store ; procedural

Question 3

what is semantic ?

Answer 3

mental encyclopaedia of facts

Question 4

what is it not linked to ? ( semantic )

Answer 4

time referencing

Question 5

how can it be input ? ( semantic)

Answer 5

in a fragment way ( can learn things independently and link them in a temporal form later )

Question 6

what is the recall not dependent on ?

Answer 6

context
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can be based on rational , generalisations , logic .
recall does not change the memory trace

Question 7

what are episodic ?

Answer 7

mental diary of personal events / autobiographical

Question 8

what is it linked to ? ( episodic )

Answer 8

time and context

Question 9

what is the recall dependent on ( episodic ) ?

Answer 9

context in which the event was learnt / experienced
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can be susceptible to transformation when recalled

Question 10

key features episodic memory ?

Answer 10

time stamped - when they happened

each episode contains several elements all interwoven to produce , memory ( people ,places,objects environment )

allows us to time travel - think about past experiences and re live them

when recalling past events might not recall all details but we are aware it happened
this is awareness tulving called autonetic consciousness

Question 11

key feature of semantic memory ?

Answer 11

necessary for language use - contains enormous number and range of concepts

not time stamped - cant remember when we learnt certain facts. however can be interwoven with episodic memory

allows us to mentally represent things ( people , places , objects ) that aren’t present

less vulnerable to distortion and forgetting than episodic memory allows

Question 12

what was later added ?

Answer 12

procedural memory

Question 13

episodic and semantic links are disrupted in what disease ?

Answer 13

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 14

research suggests which memory is disrupted first ? why?

Answer 14

episodic memory, because the hippocampus is affected first

Question 15

later on what do patients loose the ability to do ? why ?

Answer 15

use semantic knowledge, can be explained as damage moves to frontal lobes

Question 16

what was Godden and Baddeley’s cue dependant recall ?

Answer 16

In Scotland, scuberdivers learnt a series of words on land or under water

they were then tested on land or on water

found that recall always better in the context in which the information was encoded

e.g. if the words were learnt on land , recall was better on land

Question 17

what are the applications for cue dependent recall ?

Answer 17

dementia boxes - talk to patients regularly, keep memory alive , showing photos asking if they remember day out
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memory will eventually go

cognitive interview ( criminal psychology) - take person back to where crimes was committed or asked to imagine if taking victim back causes too much distress
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useful for asking victims of serious crimes

revision
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revise in context exam will be in