Tulving 1972 Flashcards
what 2 stores can LTM be divided into ?
episodic ( remember personal experiences)
semantic ( remember knowledge and facts )
what contradicts this ?
Clive wearing playing piano as it suggests other store ; procedural
what is semantic ?
mental encyclopaedia of facts
what is it not linked to ? ( semantic )
time referencing
how can it be input ? ( semantic)
in a fragment way ( can learn things independently and link them in a temporal form later )
what is the recall not dependent on ?
context
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can be based on rational , generalisations , logic .
recall does not change the memory trace
what are episodic ?
mental diary of personal events / autobiographical
what is it linked to ? ( episodic )
time and context
what is the recall dependent on ( episodic ) ?
context in which the event was learnt / experienced
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can be susceptible to transformation when recalled
key features episodic memory ?
time stamped - when they happened
each episode contains several elements all interwoven to produce , memory ( people ,places,objects environment )
allows us to time travel - think about past experiences and re live them
when recalling past events might not recall all details but we are aware it happened
this is awareness tulving called autonetic consciousness
key feature of semantic memory ?
necessary for language use - contains enormous number and range of concepts
not time stamped - cant remember when we learnt certain facts. however can be interwoven with episodic memory
allows us to mentally represent things ( people , places , objects ) that aren’t present
less vulnerable to distortion and forgetting than episodic memory allows
what was later added ?
procedural memory
episodic and semantic links are disrupted in what disease ?
Alzheimer’s disease
research suggests which memory is disrupted first ? why?
episodic memory, because the hippocampus is affected first
later on what do patients loose the ability to do ? why ?
use semantic knowledge, can be explained as damage moves to frontal lobes
what was Godden and Baddeley’s cue dependant recall ?
In Scotland, scuberdivers learnt a series of words on land or under water
they were then tested on land or on water
found that recall always better in the context in which the information was encoded
e.g. if the words were learnt on land , recall was better on land
what are the applications for cue dependent recall ?
dementia boxes - talk to patients regularly, keep memory alive , showing photos asking if they remember day out
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memory will eventually go
cognitive interview ( criminal psychology) - take person back to where crimes was committed or asked to imagine if taking victim back causes too much distress
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useful for asking victims of serious crimes
revision
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revise in context exam will be in
