Baddeley exp 3

Question 1

what was the aim ?

Answer 1

to find out if LTM encodes acoustically or semantically

Question 2

how was it done ?

Answer 2

by giving participants word lists that are similar in the way they sound ( acoustic) or their meaning ( semantic )

Question 3

what was the method ?

Answer 3

a lab exp
independent measures design with elements of a repeated measures design ( recall was tested before and after )

Question 4

what was the iv ?

Answer 4

acoustically similar / dissimilar list or semantically similar/ dissimilar list

Question 5

what was the dv ?

Answer 5

recall of order or words

Question 6

what was the procedure?

Answer 6

participants are split into four groups
each group views a slide show of a set of 10 words
each word appears for 3 seconds ( 2 sec gap between presentation of each word )

in the acoustically similar condition , the participants get a list of words that’s share a similar sound ( man , cab, can) but control group get words that are all simple one syllable words but they do not sound the same ( pit , few , cow ) - acoustically dissimilar

in the semantically similar condition , words share similar meaning ( great , large, big) but control group get unconnected words ( good huge hot ) semantically dissimilar

Question 7

what was the procedure ?

Answer 7

the participants in all 4 conditions , then carry out an “ interference test “ - involves hearing then writing down 8 numbers three times . then recall the words from slideshow in order.

1 min to recall and write down order of 10 item word list

ppts get better each time they do it as word stays same - 4 trials

after 4th trial ppts get 15 min break with this time they perform unrelated interference task of copying digits

asked to recall again

Question 8

what were the findings ?

Answer 8

LTM relies on semantic coding as the semantically similar group showed slower rates of learning across the trials

by trial 4 the control group of semantically dissimilar words showing a higher rate of recall

neither the acoustically similar or dissimilar group showed any significant difference in recall between trial 4 and retest

Question 9

what were the conclusions ?

Answer 9

LTM encodes semantically and STM encodes acoustically ( in baddeley previous 2 studies )

exp 3 indicated learning
of words that are semantically similar leads to imparted performance. when combined with exp 1 + 2 suggests LTM may be based on meaning of sound of words

study suggests LTM is affected by semantic coding