Sebastian + Hernandez-Gil Flashcards
What is the key issue ?
How the knowledge can be used to inform the treatment of dyslexia
Is dyslexia the same for everyone?
no it’s not the same for everyone
what is dyslexia not related to ?
general intelligence
what is dyslexia not the result of ?
visual difficulties
what are the facts ?
1 in 5 children leave primary school with below the national expected levels in all reading, writing and mathematics levels
1 in 6 adults still only have the reading skills of an 11 year old
Pupils with SEN ( with or without statements) account for 7 in 10 of all permanent exclusions
What are the strategies used in the classroom to help children with dyslexia ?
- clearly stating lesson aims
- using checklists
- simplifying instructions
- highlighting or colour coding information
- using audio and visual materials
- avoid asking a child to read out loud
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to prevent phonological loop overload - avoid lengthy periods of teaching talking
what were the aims ?
using digit span as the measure of phonological capacity and to investigate the development of the phonological loop between 5-17yrs old
compare the anglo saxon and spanish speakers development would spanish be higher than anglo saxons
compare findings to their previous research of adult , aged and dementia patients
what was the sample ?
volunteer sample
IV ?
year of schooling
DV?
recall of digit span ( mean verbal digit span )
who did they make comparisons between?
school children , elderly adults and people with dementia
how many children were apart of sample?
575
what schools were they from ?
public and private schools in madrid
what language did they speak ?
native spanish
what was the procedure?
- tested individually during break
- participants were read sequences of digits e.g. 3,6,9,8,7 which they had to recall in correct order
- the sequence increased by one digit per sequence
- sequence was read aloud too ppts. then had to repeat it
- digit span for each ppt was recorded as the maximum digit recalled in the correct order without error
what were the results ? ( part 1)
- digit span increased with age
- digit span rises steadily until around 11 years then slows
- 5 year olds had the lowest digit span, average 3.76
- 16 year olds and the highest digit soan at an average of 5.91
quantitive data
what were the results ? (part 2)
- findings from adults with dementia was similar to healthy elderly people - dementia has no impact on digit span
compare findings to their 2010 research :
- those with Alzheimer’s dementia had a digit span of 4.20
- those with fronto-temporal dementia had a digit span of 4.22
- the healthy older people ( controls) had a digit span of 4.4
what were the conclusions ?
- digit span increases from 5-17 year olds
- English data had a digit span increasing to 15 year olds, whereas the spanish study found an increase up to 17 years
is the study generalisable ?
Although for spanish speakers 575 is a large sample making it more representative the dementia sample is very small with only _ participants. so the data on dementia patients may not actually represent the phonological loop capacity
Therefore it is not representative of all dementia patients
