Sebastian + Hernandez-Gil

Question 1

What is the key issue ?

Answer 1

How the knowledge can be used to inform the treatment of dyslexia

Question 2

Is dyslexia the same for everyone?

Answer 2

no it’s not the same for everyone

Question 3

what is dyslexia not related to ?

Answer 3

general intelligence

Question 4

what is dyslexia not the result of ?

Answer 4

visual difficulties

Question 5

what are the facts ?

Answer 5

1 in 5 children leave primary school with below the national expected levels in all reading, writing and mathematics levels

1 in 6 adults still only have the reading skills of an 11 year old

Pupils with SEN ( with or without statements) account for 7 in 10 of all permanent exclusions

Question 6

What are the strategies used in the classroom to help children with dyslexia ?

Answer 6

• clearly stating lesson aims
• using checklists
• simplifying instructions
• highlighting or colour coding information
• using audio and visual materials
• avoid asking a child to read out loud
  |
  to prevent phonological loop overload - avoid lengthy periods of teaching talking

Question 7

what were the aims ?

Answer 7

using digit span as the measure of phonological capacity and to investigate the development of the phonological loop between 5-17yrs old

compare the anglo saxon and spanish speakers development would spanish be higher than anglo saxons

compare findings to their previous research of adult , aged and dementia patients

Question 8

what was the sample ?

Answer 8

volunteer sample

Question 9

IV ?

Answer 9

year of schooling

Question 10

DV?

Answer 10

recall of digit span ( mean verbal digit span )

Question 11

who did they make comparisons between?

Answer 11

school children , elderly adults and people with dementia

Question 12

how many children were apart of sample?

Answer 12

575

Question 13

what schools were they from ?

Answer 13

public and private schools in madrid

Question 14

what language did they speak ?

Answer 14

native spanish

Question 15

what was the procedure?

Answer 15

• tested individually during break
• participants were read sequences of digits e.g. 3,6,9,8,7 which they had to recall in correct order
• the sequence increased by one digit per sequence
• sequence was read aloud too ppts. then had to repeat it
• digit span for each ppt was recorded as the maximum digit recalled in the correct order without error

Question 16

what were the results ? ( part 1)

Answer 16

• digit span increased with age
• digit span rises steadily until around 11 years then slows
• 5 year olds had the lowest digit span, average 3.76
• 16 year olds and the highest digit soan at an average of 5.91

quantitive data

Question 17

what were the results ? (part 2)

Answer 17

• findings from adults with dementia was similar to healthy elderly people - dementia has no impact on digit span

Question 18

compare findings to their 2010 research :

Answer 18

• those with Alzheimer’s dementia had a digit span of 4.20
• those with fronto-temporal dementia had a digit span of 4.22
• the healthy older people ( controls) had a digit span of 4.4

Question 19

what were the conclusions ?

Answer 19

• digit span increases from 5-17 year olds
• English data had a digit span increasing to 15 year olds, whereas the spanish study found an increase up to 17 years

Question 20

is the study generalisable ?

Answer 20

Although for spanish speakers 575 is a large sample making it more representative the dementia sample is very small with only _ participants. so the data on dementia patients may not actually represent the phonological loop capacity
Therefore it is not representative of all dementia patients