Tuesday October 22 Quest Preparation

Question 1

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 1

diffusion down a concentration gradient aided by proteins

Question 2

what types of proteins for facilitated diffusion

Answer 2

both channel and carrier

Question 3

which ion is most present inside the cell

Answer 3

potassium

Question 4

what bases the selectivity of ion channels

Answer 4

binding sites based on hydrophobic/philic properties and size

Question 5

what are the types of channels

Answer 5

voltage gated
ligand gated
mechanically gated

Question 6

what are ligands

Answer 6

molecules that are used as keys to open a gated channel

Question 7

whats an example of facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins

Answer 7

GLUT transporters that transport glucose to red blood cells down a gradient

Question 8

whats an example of facilitated diffusion via channel proteins

Answer 8

aquaporins which allow water to travel faster than simple diffusion with a channel protein down a gradient

Question 9

what is active transport

Answer 9

transportation of particles from low to high concentration (against gradient)

Question 10

what form of transport requires ATP

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

at what step does the hydrolysis of ATP occur

Answer 11

the attachment of sodium ions

Question 12

whats an example of active transport

Answer 12

glucose to epithelial cells in small intestine OR red blood cells maintaining sodium + potassium levels

Question 13

what are the 3 uses of active transport

Answer 13

maintain sodium potassium levels
remove waste
take up essential nutrients

Question 14

what is direct active transport

Answer 14

the transport of molecules/particles against its gradient (one particle)

Question 15

what is an exergonic reaction

Answer 15

breakdown of ATP

Question 16

what makes an exergonic reaction

Answer 16

direct active transport

Question 17

what is indirect active transport

Answer 17

the transport of one particle with its gradient and another against its gradient

Question 18

whats an example of indirect active transport

Answer 18

cotransport of glucose and sodium to an epithelial cell in the small intestine

Question 19

what is endocytosis

Answer 19

bulk transport mechanism that moves particles into a cell through engulfing a vesicle

Question 20

what is phagocytosis

Answer 20

ingestion of large solid particles

Question 21

whats an example of phagocytosis

Answer 21

when WBC’s project their membrane around foreign particles, engulf them, and becomes a phagosome
then fuses with a lysosome to break down matter and release nutrients

Question 22

what is pinocytosis

Answer 22

ingestion of bulk liquid particles

Question 23

what is exocytosis

Answer 23

the bulk transport of materials out of the cell or to the membrane

Question 23

what is an example of pinocytosis

Answer 23

the intake of extracellular liquid for a cell

Question 24

what is an example of exocytosis

Answer 24

glycolipids produced in the er and modified in the golgi can be sent out to the membrane for repair

Question 24

can undigested food be excreted out of the cell

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

why are vesicles and membranes the same level of fluidity

Answer 25

their membranes are made of the same level of saturation or unsaturation

Question 26

do gated ion channels span a membrane

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what way in terms of gradient do gated ion channels travel

Answer 27

down a gradient

Question 28

what is resting membrane potential

Answer 28

the potential difference of the cell and extracellular environment

Question 29

what is the typical resting membrane potential / potential difference in a neuron

Answer 29

-70mV

Question 30

what is action potential

Answer 30

a stimulus that can cause an electrical impulse

Question 31

what is an electrical impulse

Answer 31

temporary reversal in potential difference that can send signals

Question 32

are voltage-gated channels open or closed during resting state

Answer 32

closed

Question 33

describe the process of the gated ion channels in neurons

Answer 33

stimulus causes the sodium ion channel to open and the sodium diffuses from extracellular to cellular environment (depolarization) then the potassium channel opens and the diffusion of potassium from cellular to extracellular environment occurs (repolarisation)

Question 34

channels can be called pores (T/F)

Answer 34

true

Question 35

what shape is the inactivation gate for ion channels

Answer 35

spherical

Question 36

what are ligand gated channels

Answer 36

ion channels that open when a molecule binds to it (ligand)

Question 37

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand gated channels (T/F)

Answer 37

true

Question 38

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are in skeletal neuromuscular junctions (T/F)

Answer 38

true

Question 39

can nicotine open nAchR

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

what is the name of the sodium potassium pump as an enzyme

Answer 40

ATPase / ATPases

Question 41

describe the working of the sodium potassium pump

Answer 41

pump is open to the inside and 3 sodium attaches the hydrolysis of ATP occurs conformational change and discards sodium to extracellular 2 potassium attaches conformational change and discards potassium in cell

Question 42

what is indirect active transport

Answer 42

the transport of one molecule with its gradient and another against its gradient

Question 43

what is a cotransporter protein

Answer 43

a protein that can transport 2 particles at once

Question 44

what type of protein are cotransporter proteins

Answer 44

channel proteins

Question 45

whats an example of indirect active transport

Answer 45

sodium dragging glucose along for the transport into epithelial cell in small intestine

Question 46

what is an endergonic process

Answer 46

non-spontaneous absorption of energy