Tuesday November 5th Quest Preparation

Question 1

what are some cellular processes that require gas exchange

Answer 1

aerobic respiration
photosynthesis
remove waste gases from metabolic reactions

Question 2

what happens to the SA:V ratio when cell size increases

Answer 2

it decreases

Question 3

is a larger SA:V ratio beneficial

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

which type of organisms rely on SA:V being high to diffuse gases

Answer 4

single cell organisms (bacteria + yeast)

Question 5

what is used when SA:V ratio decreases and gas exchange needs to occur

Answer 5

special structures that facilitate gas exchange (may be highly branched or folded)

Question 6

what are some examples of gas exchange surfaces?

Answer 6

alveoli in lungs of mammals, birds and reptiles
gills in fish
trachea in insects

Question 7

what are some factors that promote effective gas exchange

Answer 7

large surface area
permeability
composed of a thin tissue
moist surface
concentration gradient

Question 8

how can steep concentration gradients occur and how does it affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 8

larger concentration difference between the two solutions. faster rate of diffusion occurs

Question 9

what are some adaptations in exchange surfaces to maintain steep concentration gradients

Answer 9

dense network of blood vessels –> many opportunities for gas to be exchanged
continuous blood flow –> ensures low conc of substance in blood and that it can be transported away
ventilation –> ensures air or water with the desired gas can move across the exchange surface

Question 10

how can mammals maintain steep concentration gradients

Answer 10

separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood through circulatory system

Question 11

what is the nasal cavity

Answer 11

area that allows air to enter respiratory system (nose)

Question 12

what is the buccal cavity

Answer 12

mouth that works with the nasal cavity

Question 13

what is the larynx

Answer 13

hollow tube that lets air pass from pharynx to trachea

Question 14

which part of the respiratory system has vocal cords

Answer 14

the larynx

Question 15

what is the bronchus

Answer 15

airways that lead from trachea to bronchioles

Question 16

what are the bronchioles

Answer 16

branches of the bronchi that lead into alveoli

Question 17

what is the pharynx

Answer 17

the throat in essence. pathway from mouth/nose to trachea. also in digestive system

Question 18

what is the epiglottis

Answer 18

flap of cartilage that covers the trachea when you swallow and food does not go down the trachea

Question 19

what are alveoli

Answer 19

tiny sacs with large surface area which oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 20

what is surfactant

Answer 20

a fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveoli while maintaining its shape. prevents its collapse during exhalation

Question 21

each bronchiole branches into an alveoli (T/F)

Answer 21

true

Question 22

are there capillaries around the alveoli and what does this mean for diffusion

Answer 22

yes, there is a short distance from alveoli to blood for both oxygen and carbon dioxide