Tudors Theme 3 - Challengers to Henry VII

Question 1

Who were Henry VII’s rivals that had stronger claims?

Answer 1

John de la Pole, leading Yorkist claimant.
Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick: placed in Tower. Nephew of Ed 4 and Rick 3.
Edward IV’s children: Princes in the Tower.

Question 2

When was the Battle of Bosworth; what were the sizes of the forces?

Answer 2

22 August 1485.
Henry = 5,000
Richard = 10-15,000

Question 3

What was the role of the Stanleys and Northumberland in the Battle of Bosworth?

Answer 3

Richard expected them to be on his side.
Sir William Stanley eventually fought for Henry.
Northumberland didn’t fight at all.

Question 4

Which notable family were part of the anti-Ricardian faction?

Answer 4

The Woodvilles

Question 5

What were the positive impacts of Henry’s win at Bosworth?

Answer 5

He could claim that God was on his side.
Rival now dead, as were his heirs.
Norfolk killed in battle.

Question 6

What was Henry VII’s first move to secure the throne post-Bosworth?

Answer 6

He had a formal coronation, thus cementing his rule to be supported by God.

Question 7

What was the Act of Resumption?

Answer 7

1486 - he took back all Crown land which were granted away 1455.

Question 8

How did Henry VII change the date of his reign?

Answer 8

He backdated the start of his reign to 21 August 1485. R3 = usurper and thus anyone who fought for him could be tried for treason.

Question 9

What did Henry VII do to the Titulus Regius?

Answer 9

He repealed it in order to make Elizabeth of York legitimate, so he could legitimately marry and unite the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions.

Question 10

Who was Sir Thomas Lovell and how did Henry VII treat him?

Answer 10

A Yorkist who rebelled against R3 in 1483 and joined Henry. Made Treasurer of the Household.

Question 11

How did Henry treat John de la Pole after Bosworth?

Answer 11

de la Pole swore loyalty to Henry and joined the Council.

Question 12

What lands did Henry VII give to Jasper Tudor?

Answer 12

Became Chief Justice of Wales.
He later suppressed a revolt led by Francis Lovell in Yorkshire.

Question 13

How was Thomas Stanley rewarded for his role at Bosworth?

Answer 13

Given custody of the Cheshire estates while Stafford heir was a minor.

Question 14

How many German mercenaries did Margaret of Burgundy help gain support of?
Who led them?

Answer 14

2,000
Martin Schwartz

Question 15

What was Northumberland’s role in the Simnel Rebellion?

Answer 15

June 1487 - he was ambivalent towards the rebel army and did nothing to help or stop them

Question 16

When did Henry VII arrive at Kenilworth Castle during Simnel rebellion?

Answer 16

8 May 1487

Question 17

When was the Battle of Stoke and why was it one-sided?

Answer 17

16 June 1487
Irish forces poorly equipped.
Henry = 12,000
Opposition = 8,000

Question 18

Why was the Battle of Stoke good for Henry VII, other than victory?

Answer 18

John de la Pole and Martin Schwartz killed.
Francis Lovell disappeared forever.

Question 19

Why was the Simnel rebellion a significant threat?

Answer 19

Wide-ranging support:
Powerful Yorkists, rival claimants, foreign support.
Henry too trusting of de la Pole.
Aimed to remove the King.
Ended in Battle.

Question 20

Why wasn’t the Simnel rebellion a significant threat?

Answer 20

Lacked widespread popular support, even in the North.
Majority of fighting forces were mercenaries, not motivated Yorkists.
Henry acted decisively: led the army himself; well-placed at Kenilworth.

Question 21

Why didn’t the Simnel rebellion gather support?

Answer 21

People wanted stability of 30 years of civil war.
Landowning classes unwilling to risk property and betray their king.

Question 22

How did Henry VII strengthen the throne post-Simnel?

Answer 22

Nov 1487, passed 28 Acts of Attainder against rebels.

Question 23

Who were the important foreign supporters of the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?

Answer 23

Charles VIII (France); Margaret of Burgundy; Maximilian (HRE); James IV (Scotland).

Question 24

When did Warbeck meet with Charles VIII in France?

Answer 24

1492

Question 25

Where and when did the Warbeck rebellion begin?

Answer 25

Cork, Ireland, 1491

Question 26

What did Warbeck do July 1495?

Answer 26

Leads a failed invasion with 300 men in Kent.

Question 27

Where was Warbeck ‘recognised’ as Richard, Duke of York after leaving France?

Answer 27

Burgundy

Question 28

What did Warbeck do following his Kent invasion?

Answer 28

Fled to Scotland - with help of James IV, led an invasion into England with 1,400 men in 1496. Failed however.

Question 29

When and where was Warbeck captured and then when executed?

Answer 29

Captured September 1497 in Cornwall.
Executed November 1499

Question 30

How did Henry VII’s network of spies help when Warbeck invaded Kent?

Answer 30

Henry was very aware of the incoming attack and so had placed troops and defences there.

Question 31

Why was Henry VII’s relationship with Edward Courtenay important?

Answer 31

Henry had ennobled him for his support at Bosworth.
His lands in the South West made him a very important ally, as he defended Exeter.

Question 32

What were bonds and recognisances?

Answer 32

Bond - a guarantee of good behaviour with a financial penalty if broken.
Recognisance - someone who had already broken the law: if broke the law again, would have to pay an agreed sum

Question 33

How many noble families were placed under Henry VII’s financial control?

Answer 33

36 out of 62

Question 34

What made the Warbeck rising a significant threat?

Answer 34

Foreign support protected him from Henry.
1497, Henry was vulnerable due to fears of a Scottish invasion - if Warbeck had invaded Cornwall earlier he could have properly harnessed the tax revolt’s fervour.
Henry’s reactions demonstrate clear fears of revolt.
7 years of continued threat.

Question 35

What limits the significance of the threat of the Warbeck rising?

Answer 35

Poor planning - should have invaded Cornwall earlier.
Lack of popular support.
Strength of Henry’s throne by this point.
Never led to a battle - Warbeck captured due to own foolishness.

Question 36

Why did Scotland pose a threat to Henry VII’s throne?

Answer 36

-Bordering nation
-James IV wanted to assert Scotland’s presence in Europe
-Initially allied with Warbeck in 1496

Question 37

How did Henry VII reduce the Scottish threat?

Answer 37

-1497 Truce of Ayton - James drops support for Warbeck.
-James IV marries Margaret, H7’s daughter, 1503

Question 38

Why did Burgundy pose a threat to Henry VII’s throne?

Answer 38

-Margaret of Burgundy was R3’s sister and thus a passionate Yorkist with lots of money.
-She also had links with the Holy Roman Empire.
-Her support for Warbeck gave his rebellion legitimacy.

Question 39

How did H7 reduce the threat of Burgundy?

Answer 39

-Issued a trade embargo 1493.
-1496, France now a common threat.
-1496, Intercursus Magnus signed - an alliance.

Question 40

Why did Ireland pose a threat to Henry VII’s throne?

Answer 40

-Too remote yet a good launch pad for invasion
-Lord Deputy of Ireland was Kildare, a YORKIST, who provided troops for Simnel’s rebellion.
-However wasn’t involved at Stoke or in the Warbeck rising.

Question 41

How did H7 reduce the Irish threat?

Answer 41

-1492, sends troops and removes Kildare.
1494, loyal Edward Poynings made deputy.
-1495 Poyning’s Law centralised Ireland under English control
-Kildare then reappionted 1496.

Question 42

Why did France pose a threat to Henry VII’s throne?

Answer 42

-Traditional enemy; Auld Alliance with Scotland.
-Close proximity
-Duke of Britanny died 1487; Britanny absorbed 1491.
-In gathering funds to support Britanny, Henry caused a tax revolt

Question 43

How did Henry VII reduce the French threat?

Answer 43

-Invaded 1492 when Charles preoccupied with invading Italy.
-Signed Treaty of Etaples 1492 to neutralise French threat.
-France now had to pay 50,000 crowns P.A.