Tudors Chapter 4 - Pilgrimage of Grace Flashcards
What religious role was Cromwell given and why did this cause resentments?
Viceregent in Spirituals 1535. He was not a clergyman.
What act redefined English church doctrine?
1536 Act of 10 Articles.
How was Princess Mary involved in the Catholic cause?
She was declared illegitimate. She therefore became the figurehead of the Catholic cause.
Who was involved in the Conservative faction at Court?
Norfolk, Derby, Northumberland, Lord Darcy, Lord Hussey.
Outline the importance of the monasteries.
Hubs of education, charity, employment, healthcare.
900 religious houses by 1530s.
What act valued the wealth of the monasteries? How much was raised?
1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus.
£1.3 million.
How did Cromwell justify the dissolution?
Valor Ecclesiasticus.
Visitations of the monasteries - commissioners sent to find evidence of corruption.
How many Pontefract Articles were religious?
9 out of 24
What were the socioeconomic motives of the 1536 risings?
1534 Subsidy.
Poor harvests for 2 years.
Increased govt. intrusions due to subsidy.
Entry fines: fees paid to landlord by heir.
What is GR Elton’s view on the PofG?
Top-down. A Court-based plot by the Conservative faction who wanted to restore Mary.
What did Michael Bush argue about the PofG?
Rebellion began from the commons.
What did the Act of Uses do?
1535 - monarch acted as feudal landlord.
Bypassed by enfeoffment of uses.
What the aims behind the Lincolnshire Rising?
Religious reform.
Tension due to increased govt. presence.
Opposition to King’s councillors of ‘low birth’.
Fought for the ‘commonwealth’.
When and where did the Lincolnshire rebellion begin? How many people were there?
2 October 1536, Louth, 3,000 people
When was Dr Raynes killed? Who was he?
4 October 1536, Chancellor of the Bishop of Lincoln
How many men ultimately marched to Lincoln in the rising?
10,000
How and when was the Lincolnshire rising suppressed?
Henry threatened severe punishment and sent Suffolk. Gentry asked for a pardon and commons went home 11 October 1536.
Who led the Lincolnshire Rising?
Cobbler Nicholas Melton
Why/Why wasn’t the Lincolnshire rising a threat?
Local JPs became involved - disorder.
10,000 involved.
Hussey and Clinton fled.
Contradictory aims of gentry.
However, gentry leadership too half-hearted.
When did the PofG begin and where?
10 October 1536 - East Riding of Yorkshire
When did numbers of PofG reach 10,000 and York was taken over?
16 October 1536
Which region in the North WASN’T affected by PofG?
Lancashire - Derby’s loyalty was curried through patronage.
How many rebels were there in the PofG and how many hosts?
30,000 - 9 rebel hosts
When did Norfolk begin marching North? How large was his army?
23 October 1536 - 8,000
What happened on 27 October 1536?
Norfolk meets rebels at Pontefract. 5 Articles presented.
When were the Pontefract Articles drawn?
2 December 1536
What happened on 6 and 8 December 1536?
6: Norfolk meets rebels at Doncaster and ask for a pardon
8: peasants go home
When was Bigod’s rising and who were the two leaders?
January 1537
Sir Francis Bigod and John Hallam
Why did Bigod’s rising fail?
Only a few hundred rebels joined - Bigod was arrested in February
How did Henry punish the North following Bigod’s rising?
He sent up Norfolk who carried out a brutal suppression of the rebels.
144 executed, including Robert Aske 12 July 1536
Why was the PofG a threat?
Involved the powerful Percies.
Huge numbers of rebels - Suffolk focussed on Lincolnshire still
JPs involved
Aske’s leadership
Council of the North re-est. indicates severity
Why wasn’t the PofG a significant threat?
The pilgrims never wanted to overthrow Henry VIII
How did Cromwell use the PofG for govt. benefit?
1539 Act for the Suppression of Religious Houses justified.
To what extent were the rebels in the PofG suppressed?
144 executed
Norfolk executed 74
Henry became heir to the Percy estates
CoftheN re-organised 1537
Why was Thomas More executed? And who was Thomas More?
Refused to take the Oath of Supremacy.
Henry’s ex-Chancellor.
