Tudors Chapter 4 - Pilgrimage of Grace

Question 1

What religious role was Cromwell given and why did this cause resentments?

Answer 1

Viceregent in Spirituals 1535. He was not a clergyman.

Question 2

What act redefined English church doctrine?

Answer 2

1536 Act of 10 Articles.

Question 3

How was Princess Mary involved in the Catholic cause?

Answer 3

She was declared illegitimate. She therefore became the figurehead of the Catholic cause.

Question 4

Who was involved in the Conservative faction at Court?

Answer 4

Norfolk, Derby, Northumberland, Lord Darcy, Lord Hussey.

Question 5

Outline the importance of the monasteries.

Answer 5

Hubs of education, charity, employment, healthcare.
900 religious houses by 1530s.

Question 6

What act valued the wealth of the monasteries? How much was raised?

Answer 6

1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus.
£1.3 million.

Question 7

How did Cromwell justify the dissolution?

Answer 7

Valor Ecclesiasticus.
Visitations of the monasteries - commissioners sent to find evidence of corruption.

Question 8

How many Pontefract Articles were religious?

Answer 8

9 out of 24

Question 9

What were the socioeconomic motives of the 1536 risings?

Answer 9

1534 Subsidy.
Poor harvests for 2 years.
Increased govt. intrusions due to subsidy.
Entry fines: fees paid to landlord by heir.

Question 10

What is GR Elton’s view on the PofG?

Answer 10

Top-down. A Court-based plot by the Conservative faction who wanted to restore Mary.

Question 11

What did Michael Bush argue about the PofG?

Answer 11

Rebellion began from the commons.

Question 12

What did the Act of Uses do?

Answer 12

1535 - monarch acted as feudal landlord.
Bypassed by enfeoffment of uses.

Question 13

What the aims behind the Lincolnshire Rising?

Answer 13

Religious reform.
Tension due to increased govt. presence.
Opposition to King’s councillors of ‘low birth’.
Fought for the ‘commonwealth’.

Question 14

When and where did the Lincolnshire rebellion begin? How many people were there?

Answer 14

2 October 1536, Louth, 3,000 people

Question 15

When was Dr Raynes killed? Who was he?

Answer 15

4 October 1536, Chancellor of the Bishop of Lincoln

Question 16

How many men ultimately marched to Lincoln in the rising?

Answer 16

10,000

Question 17

How and when was the Lincolnshire rising suppressed?

Answer 17

Henry threatened severe punishment and sent Suffolk. Gentry asked for a pardon and commons went home 11 October 1536.

Question 18

Who led the Lincolnshire Rising?

Answer 18

Cobbler Nicholas Melton

Question 19

Why/Why wasn’t the Lincolnshire rising a threat?

Answer 19

Local JPs became involved - disorder.
10,000 involved.
Hussey and Clinton fled.
Contradictory aims of gentry.
However, gentry leadership too half-hearted.

Question 20

When did the PofG begin and where?

Answer 20

10 October 1536 - East Riding of Yorkshire

Question 21

When did numbers of PofG reach 10,000 and York was taken over?

Answer 21

16 October 1536

Question 22

Which region in the North WASN’T affected by PofG?

Answer 22

Lancashire - Derby’s loyalty was curried through patronage.

Question 23

How many rebels were there in the PofG and how many hosts?

Answer 23

30,000 - 9 rebel hosts

Question 24

When did Norfolk begin marching North? How large was his army?

Answer 24

23 October 1536 - 8,000

Question 25

What happened on 27 October 1536?

Answer 25

Norfolk meets rebels at Pontefract. 5 Articles presented.

Question 26

When were the Pontefract Articles drawn?

Answer 26

2 December 1536

Question 27

What happened on 6 and 8 December 1536?

Answer 27

6: Norfolk meets rebels at Doncaster and ask for a pardon
8: peasants go home

Question 28

When was Bigod’s rising and who were the two leaders?

Answer 28

January 1537
Sir Francis Bigod and John Hallam

Question 29

Why did Bigod’s rising fail?

Answer 29

Only a few hundred rebels joined - Bigod was arrested in February

Question 30

How did Henry punish the North following Bigod’s rising?

Answer 30

He sent up Norfolk who carried out a brutal suppression of the rebels.
144 executed, including Robert Aske 12 July 1536

Question 31

Why was the PofG a threat?

Answer 31

Involved the powerful Percies.
Huge numbers of rebels - Suffolk focussed on Lincolnshire still
JPs involved
Aske’s leadership
Council of the North re-est. indicates severity

Question 32

Why wasn’t the PofG a significant threat?

Answer 32

The pilgrims never wanted to overthrow Henry VIII

Question 33

How did Cromwell use the PofG for govt. benefit?

Answer 33

1539 Act for the Suppression of Religious Houses justified.

Question 34

To what extent were the rebels in the PofG suppressed?

Answer 34

144 executed
Norfolk executed 74
Henry became heir to the Percy estates
CoftheN re-organised 1537

Question 35

Why was Thomas More executed? And who was Thomas More?

Answer 35

Refused to take the Oath of Supremacy.
Henry’s ex-Chancellor.