Tudors Chapter 7 - Tyrone's Rebellion Flashcards
Outline history of English control over Ireland.
-Controlled Dublin and the Pale through Lord Deputies.
-Majority of Ireland controlled by Anglo-Irish chieftains.
-Irish customs (such as tanistry inheritance) seemed primitive to England, who felt they needed to Anglicise Ireland.
How did H8 cause issues with Anglo-Irish relations?
-Reformation meant could act as a Catholic crusade launch pad.
-1541 Irish Chieftains recognised Henry as King of Ireland - tenants in chief system.
How did M1 cause Anglo-Irish issues?
She appointed English Lord Deputy, the Earl of Sussex, who encouraged English settlers to live beyond the pale - ‘plantation’.
Outline English incursions into Ulster 1570s.
-Ulster most Gaelic part of Ireland, rivals O’Neill and O’Donnell.
-English nobles contracted to set up plantations in Ulster; O’Neill and O’Donnell joined forces to defeat enemy.
-1572, English killed 200 O’Neills; 500 O’Donnells 1575.
When did Hugh O’Neill accept the title Earl of Tyrone?
1585
Why did lands in Ulster go to the Crown pre-war?
1590, chief of MacMahon clan was executed and lands given to Crown. Sir Henry Bagenal was given some of these lands.
Why did Tyrone shift to resenting the English presence pre-1593?
-Needed English support in his feud for O’Neill leadership.
-Tries to neutralise English threat in Ulster by marrying Bagenal’s sister, creating enmity between them.
Outline the build up to Tyrone revolting 1593-95.
-October 1593, forced to co-operate with Bagenal to capture Maguire.
-Felt under threat by English and wanted complete Ulster control.
-August 1594, Tyrone promises Russel he’ll restore peace for full control but E1 refused.
-May 1595, Tyrone rebels
What were Tyrone’s main demands?
-Papal supremacy over Church of Ireland.
-Irishmen to be appointed to senior roles such as Lord Treasurer.
-Governor of Ireland to be a Privy Councillor.
How many soldiers total did Tyrone have in 1595?
6,000
Which Irish chieftains had Tyrone attracted the support of by 1598?
Leinster and Munster
When was the Battle of Clontibret?
May 1595
How many troops did Lord Deputy Russel have at Clontibret?
Just 1100 + a further 1600 though England promised 2000.
When were the English completely defeated at Clontibret and what was the significance of this event?
27 May 1595 - the Irish clearly had strong numbers and were able to exploit their knowledge of the land well
What were the casualties at Clontibret?
31 dead and 109 wounded
By when and why had the war reached a stalemate?
1596 - English had now retaken Blackwater Fort.
Why did negotiations break down in 1596? What was the outcome of this?
Tyrone was already in talks with Philip III of Spain.
Failed armada sent though the promise of Spanish support inspired the Irish rebels.
Why was Lord Burgh’s appointment good and then bad for England?
1597
Replaced Russel and Norris as both Lord Deputy and military leader.
He died in October 1597 so English authority lost.
When did Tyrone besiege Blackwater Fort? What were the numbers on both sides?
June 1598
Irish = 5,000
English under Ormond = 4,200
When was the Battle of Yellow Ford? What happened?
11 August 1598 - Bagenal killed, 830 English killed, 300 Irishmen deserted the English to Tyrone.
Who was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in March 1599?
Earl of Essex
How did Essex fail as Lord Deputy and when and why did he leave the position?
-He divided the English army, leading to 1/3 of troops being killed in August 1599 on a failed mission to rescue O’Connor.
-Held unauthorised negotiations with Tyrone.
-Cecil deemed this treasonous.
-Leaves Ireland September 1599.
When was Mountjoy made LL?
February 1600
When did Spanish troops arrive in Kinsale and when did Mountjoy attack, and with how many troops?
May 1601
Mountjoy attacks October 1601 with 7,000 men.
What happened in Kinsale December 1601-January 1602?
-21 December Tyrone reaches Kinsale.
-24 December Mountjoy attacks; Tyrone retreats to Ulster.
-Spanish surrender January 1602.
When and what was the Siege of Dunboy?
Dunboy Castle owned in name of Spanish King.
16 June 1602 English open fire.
None of 143 defenders survived.
How did Tyrone’s Rebellion end?
-Post-Dunboy, Mountjoy pursues Tyrone into Ulster with 3,000 men.
-E1 approves negotiations and 30 March 1603, Tyrone is pardoned and recognised as Chief Lord of Ulster.
-Mountjoy likely did this to get home for J1 quickly.
How much money did E1 have anually during Tyrone’s Rebellion and how much did the war effort cost?
£300,000 P.A.
Irish war effort was £5,000 a month
How many soliders in total were sent to Ireland?
30,500
How much money did Tyrone have through rebellion?
£80,000 P.A. - he could afford £500 a day cost of armies.
What did Steven Ellis say about Tyrone’s Rebellion?
“Undoubtedly, the planning, preparation and execution of Mountjoy’s campaign was an extraordinary feat of government.”
