Tudors Chapter 7 - Tyrone's Rebellion

Question 1

Outline history of English control over Ireland.

Answer 1

-Controlled Dublin and the Pale through Lord Deputies.
-Majority of Ireland controlled by Anglo-Irish chieftains.
-Irish customs (such as tanistry inheritance) seemed primitive to England, who felt they needed to Anglicise Ireland.

Question 2

How did H8 cause issues with Anglo-Irish relations?

Answer 2

-Reformation meant could act as a Catholic crusade launch pad.
-1541 Irish Chieftains recognised Henry as King of Ireland - tenants in chief system.

Question 3

How did M1 cause Anglo-Irish issues?

Answer 3

She appointed English Lord Deputy, the Earl of Sussex, who encouraged English settlers to live beyond the pale - ‘plantation’.

Question 4

Outline English incursions into Ulster 1570s.

Answer 4

-Ulster most Gaelic part of Ireland, rivals O’Neill and O’Donnell.
-English nobles contracted to set up plantations in Ulster; O’Neill and O’Donnell joined forces to defeat enemy.
-1572, English killed 200 O’Neills; 500 O’Donnells 1575.

Question 5

When did Hugh O’Neill accept the title Earl of Tyrone?

Answer 5

1585

Question 6

Why did lands in Ulster go to the Crown pre-war?

Answer 6

1590, chief of MacMahon clan was executed and lands given to Crown. Sir Henry Bagenal was given some of these lands.

Question 7

Why did Tyrone shift to resenting the English presence pre-1593?

Answer 7

-Needed English support in his feud for O’Neill leadership.
-Tries to neutralise English threat in Ulster by marrying Bagenal’s sister, creating enmity between them.

Question 8

Outline the build up to Tyrone revolting 1593-95.

Answer 8

-October 1593, forced to co-operate with Bagenal to capture Maguire.
-Felt under threat by English and wanted complete Ulster control.
-August 1594, Tyrone promises Russel he’ll restore peace for full control but E1 refused.
-May 1595, Tyrone rebels

Question 9

What were Tyrone’s main demands?

Answer 9

-Papal supremacy over Church of Ireland.
-Irishmen to be appointed to senior roles such as Lord Treasurer.
-Governor of Ireland to be a Privy Councillor.

Question 10

How many soldiers total did Tyrone have in 1595?

Answer 10

6,000

Question 11

Which Irish chieftains had Tyrone attracted the support of by 1598?

Answer 11

Leinster and Munster

Question 12

When was the Battle of Clontibret?

Answer 12

May 1595

Question 13

How many troops did Lord Deputy Russel have at Clontibret?

Answer 13

Just 1100 + a further 1600 though England promised 2000.

Question 14

When were the English completely defeated at Clontibret and what was the significance of this event?

Answer 14

27 May 1595 - the Irish clearly had strong numbers and were able to exploit their knowledge of the land well

Question 15

What were the casualties at Clontibret?

Answer 15

31 dead and 109 wounded

Question 16

By when and why had the war reached a stalemate?

Answer 16

1596 - English had now retaken Blackwater Fort.

Question 17

Why did negotiations break down in 1596? What was the outcome of this?

Answer 17

Tyrone was already in talks with Philip III of Spain.
Failed armada sent though the promise of Spanish support inspired the Irish rebels.

Question 18

Why was Lord Burgh’s appointment good and then bad for England?

Answer 18

1597
Replaced Russel and Norris as both Lord Deputy and military leader.
He died in October 1597 so English authority lost.

Question 19

When did Tyrone besiege Blackwater Fort? What were the numbers on both sides?

Answer 19

June 1598
Irish = 5,000
English under Ormond = 4,200

Question 20

When was the Battle of Yellow Ford? What happened?

Answer 20

11 August 1598 - Bagenal killed, 830 English killed, 300 Irishmen deserted the English to Tyrone.

Question 21

Who was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in March 1599?

Answer 21

Earl of Essex

Question 22

How did Essex fail as Lord Deputy and when and why did he leave the position?

Answer 22

-He divided the English army, leading to 1/3 of troops being killed in August 1599 on a failed mission to rescue O’Connor.
-Held unauthorised negotiations with Tyrone.
-Cecil deemed this treasonous.
-Leaves Ireland September 1599.

Question 23

When was Mountjoy made LL?

Answer 23

February 1600

Question 24

When did Spanish troops arrive in Kinsale and when did Mountjoy attack, and with how many troops?

Answer 24

May 1601
Mountjoy attacks October 1601 with 7,000 men.

Question 25

What happened in Kinsale December 1601-January 1602?

Answer 25

-21 December Tyrone reaches Kinsale.
-24 December Mountjoy attacks; Tyrone retreats to Ulster.
-Spanish surrender January 1602.

Question 26

When and what was the Siege of Dunboy?

Answer 26

Dunboy Castle owned in name of Spanish King.
16 June 1602 English open fire.
None of 143 defenders survived.

Question 27

How did Tyrone’s Rebellion end?

Answer 27

-Post-Dunboy, Mountjoy pursues Tyrone into Ulster with 3,000 men.
-E1 approves negotiations and 30 March 1603, Tyrone is pardoned and recognised as Chief Lord of Ulster.
-Mountjoy likely did this to get home for J1 quickly.

Question 28

How much money did E1 have anually during Tyrone’s Rebellion and how much did the war effort cost?

Answer 28

£300,000 P.A.
Irish war effort was £5,000 a month

Question 29

How many soliders in total were sent to Ireland?

Answer 29

30,500

Question 30

How much money did Tyrone have through rebellion?

Answer 30

£80,000 P.A. - he could afford £500 a day cost of armies.

Question 31

What did Steven Ellis say about Tyrone’s Rebellion?

Answer 31

“Undoubtedly, the planning, preparation and execution of Mountjoy’s campaign was an extraordinary feat of government.”