TUDOR Theme C: State Control and Popular Resistance

Question 1

Why did Henry VIII create the Marcher Council?

Answer 1

Needed taxes for war and so regions became more important.

Question 2

Regarding the Marcher Council, who did Cromwell appoint as Lord President of the Council of Wales and what did he do well?

Answer 2

Rowland Lee.

Restored order by punishing any offenders, including wealthy nobles.

Question 3

Regarding the Marcher Council, what was the Government of Wales Act 1543?

Answer 3

Gave council formal powers from the king.

Question 4

What did the Marcher Council actually DO??

Answer 4

Court so disputes didn’t have to be settled in London.

Provided defense as border =potential for invasion

Combated recusancy

By 1550s, institution in its own right, combining abilities of PC and Star Chamber.

Question 5

When was the Council of the North established and why then?

Answer 5

1537- after Pilgrimage of Grace.

Question 6

What TYPE of person was the Council of the North led by and why?

Answer 6

Southerner, as they relied on patronage and so wouldn’t rebel.

Question 7

What religious duties did the Council of the North do?

Answer 7

Punished rebels from PoG
Enforced religious change
Monitored recusancy
When Earl Huntingdon was made president he punished Catholics

Question 8

Regarding control of Ireland, what did Henry VIII impose on Ireland?

Answer 8

Reformation laws (i.e) sold 1/2 monasteries

Question 9

Regarding control of Ireland, what did Gaelic lords have to do?

Answer 9

Oath to recognise HVIII asking and renounce Pope.

Question 10

How successful was Elizabeth’s control of Ireland?

Answer 10

Not great- poor funding and lack of JPs/LLs. Did have some successful colonies (i.e.) Munster.

Question 11

What did nobles provide for their monarch?

Answer 11

Troops
Regional Government
Link between local and London (eyes and ears)

Question 12

How did monarchs utilise their nobles and give me an example please darlin.

Answer 12

Loyal noblemen in troublesome areas.

For example, Norfolk with PoG rebels and Huntingdon after Northern Rebellion. Is that alright for ya sweetheart?

Question 13

What did the JPs do?

Answer 13

Day-to-day running of the country.

Socioeconomic aid like granting begging licenses.

Question 14

What was Mary I’s relationship with the JPs?

Answer 14

Got rid of them in Suffolk but then realised she needed them so brought them back.

Question 15

What was the JPs job in Elizabeth’s reign?

Answer 15

Enforced religious change and combat recusancy.

Question 16

Give me an example of a historians view of Lord Lieutenants.

Answer 16

Guy= “most significant innovation”

Question 17

How did the prevalence of Lord Lieutenants grow over the 16th century?

Answer 17

HVIII only appointed them when he needed them, but Elizabeth made the job permanent due to growing threat from Spain.

By 1585, in most areas, and by 1587, role washled by Privy Councillors.

Question 18

What were the duties of the Lord Lieutenants?

Answer 18

Supervise JPs, train troops and communicate problems to PC so they could respond quicker.

Question 19

What were the three causes of an increase of poverty under the Tudors?

Answer 19

Population growth (main)
Dissolution of monasteries
Use of land

Question 20

How did population growth increase poverty under the Tudors?

Answer 20

35% increase over 16th century.
Led to more demands and this made pries of things higher and people couldn’t afford it.
(i.e.) In 1510, price index for a basket full of food about 111. In 1580, this was about 357.

Question 21

How did the dissolution of monasteries increase poverty under the Tudors?

Answer 21

Massive provider of relief and hospitality for the poor.
Crucial role in education, healthcare, and social services. Meant the poor now had no where to go.

HOWEVER, authorities did establish a new system of poor relief such as Poor Act 1552 and Vagabonds Act 1572.

Question 22

How did the use of land increase poverty under the Tudors?

Answer 22

Wool was a vital industry to England and made a LOT of money. So landowners kept sheep on their lands instead of the poor. Affected those who relied on common ground. They could go on it but the rent was increased.

Question 23

What was the Vagabonds Act 1531?

Answer 23

Henry VIII

JPs empowered to license beggars for impotent poor. Whipping replaced stocks.

Question 24

What was the Vagrancy Act 1547?

Answer 24

Edward VI

Vagrants defined with V on their chest. Given as slaves to impotent poor for too years but too harsh to enforce.

Question 25

What was the Poor Act 1552?

Answer 25

Edward VI
Parish register which monitored the poor. Created “collector of alms” for each parish which collected weekly needs of poor.

Question 26

What was the Statute of Artificers 1563?

Answer 26

All appropriately ages men below gentry were forced to find work and they couldn’t leave there job without permission.

Question 27

What was the Vagabonds Act 1572?

Answer 27

Extended Norwichs scheme nationwide where JPs were required to work out how much money was needed for impotent poor.
Jail used as a punishment for not contributing to poor relief.

Question 28

What were the two other ways the poor were dealt with (aside from legislation)?

Answer 28

Private donations

Facilities in towns and cities.

Question 29

How did private donations aid the poor? GIve me an example of one as well please sweetiepie.

Answer 29

Donations after the reformation went straight to parishes.

Major of London left money for poor boys in Wolverhampton.

Question 30

How did facilities in towns and cities help the poor?

Answer 30

There was a compulsory poor rate.

Correction houses based on protestant rejection of begging. Reflected that poor still needed to be controlled.

Question 31

What was the cause of Evil May Day 1517?

Answer 31

Xenophobic- hated foreigners who took jobs and money.

Question 32

What were the events of the Evil May Day 1517?

Answer 32

Started by speeches from John Lincoln.
1000 to St Martin (home of foreigners), but calmed by the sheriff.
All but 13 pardoned.

Question 33

What was the cause of The Amicable Grant 1525?

Answer 33

Henry wanted to go to war with France again but he needed an extra £80,000 and knew parliament wouldn’t grant it as war was expensive. So Wolsey proposed doing this without parliament.

Question 34

What were the events of The Amicable Grant 1525?

Answer 34

People in various areas (i.e.) Suffolk were refusing to pay it as they couldn’t afford it and its unconstitutional.
Suffolk and Norfolk dealt with them.
The rising’s ringleaders were brought before the Star Chamber and pardoned.

Henry got on his knees and said he never wanted to do anything against his people.
War plans dropped.

Question 35

What was the cause of the Lincolnshire Uprising 1536?

Answer 35

Objection to the dissolution of monasteries and rumours that commissioners were coming to take church property.

Question 36

What were the events of the Lincolnshire Uprising 1536?

Answer 36

Destroyed records in Louth and murdered Bishop of Lincoln.

Suffolk dealt with it and main leaders executed (i.e.) Captain Cobbler.

Question 37

What were the causes of The Pilgrimage of Grace 1536?

Answer 37

Religious causes- dissolution, wanted to stamp of heresy (Wyncliffe and Tyndale), hated 10 Articles (mainly due to disregarding purgatory I think???)

Socioeconomic causes- enclosures, tax on enclosures, Statute of Uses.

Question 38

What were the events of the Pilgrimage of Grace 1536?

Answer 38

40K led by Robert Aske.
Restored monasteries in York.
Drew up Pontefract Articles and met with Henry’s representative Norfolk.
Aske stayed with Henry VIII so they could discuss it.
On the way home further rebellions broke out and Aske executed even though he disapproved.

Question 39

What happened as a result of the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1537?

Answer 39

The Council of the North was reorganised to keep better control of the north.

Question 40

What was the cause of Ketts Rebellion 1549?

Answer 40

They hated enclosures!!!!

Question 41

What were the events of Ketts Rebellion 1549?

Answer 41

Attacked Flowerdew who redirected them to Kett. Led by Kett.

Captured Norwich.

Rebels issued demands to Somerset that the gentry should not enclosure anymore.

Earl of Warwick defeated them.

Question 42

How significant was Kett’s Rebellion 1549?

Answer 42

Significant as Norwich was vital city for wool trade.
Government needed foreign troops to win.
1549 “the year of the many-headed monster”

Question 43

What was the cause of the Western Rebellion 1549?

Answer 43

They wanted Catholic stuff back. They mob were particularly angry with a don called William Body who was the governments agent in Cornwall, and told parishes they had to remove their images.

Question 44

What were the events of the Western Prayer Book Rebellion 1549?

Answer 44

Parishioners in Devon forced protests to ignore the new Prayer Book and return to old Latin mass.
Siege of Exeter to protest religious changes.
Lord Russell defeated them.

Question 45

What was the significance of the Western Prayer Book Rebellion 1549?

Answer 45

Exeter lacked nobles and therefore uprising spread quickly.

Somerset was slow to respond due to limited troops: the kingdom had no standing army.

Question 46

What was the cause of the Rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt 1554?

Answer 46

Caused by Mary’s marriage to Phillip II, thought they’d be enslaved by Spanish.

Question 47

What were the events of Thomas Wyatt’s rebellion 1554?

Answer 47

Four separate rebellions while French blocked Philip.
Devon gave away plan when questioned.
Norfolk met with Wyatt, but lots of Norfolk’s army joined the rebels.
Londoners refused to give Mary to Wyatt.

Question 48

What was the aim of Thomas Wyatt’s rebellion 1554?

Answer 48

Four separate rebellions while French blocked Philip.
All invade London.
Replace Mary with Elizabeth and marry her to Lord Devon.

Question 49

What was the cause of the Northern rebellion 1569?

Answer 49

Reformation not supported in the North.

Question 50

What was the aim of the Northern rebellion 1569?

Answer 50

Put MQoS on the throne as shes Roman Catholic. Norfolk would marry her.

Question 51

What was the events of the Northern rebellion 1569?

Answer 51

Northumberland and Westmorland asked to answer to rumours so they summoned the army and destroyed protestant images in Durham.
Earls fled, but Northumberland was captured and lots were executed.

Question 52

What happened as a result of the Northern rebellion 1569?

Answer 52

Council of North given a southern leader, and Martial Law in north!!

Question 53

Why was there a decline in popular resistance in Elizabeth’s later reign?

Answer 53

Harsher legislation against vagrants and seditions

The Government monitored suspected Catholics more closely.