Tubular Disorders

Question 1

Which solutes are reabsorbed in the PCT?

Answer 1

AA, Glucose, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3- and H2O

Question 2

Where does bulk reabsorption occur in the kidneys?

Answer 2

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Question 3

What is the anion gap?

Answer 3

Difference between measured cations and anions

[Na+] +[K+] - [Cl-] - [HCO3-]

Question 4

What are tubulopathies?

Answer 4

Mutations of apical sodium transporters

Question 5

Where in the nephron does Barrter’s syndrome affect?

Answer 5

Loop of Henlé

Question 6

What are the features of BS? and what channels does it affect?

Answer 6

Hypokalaemia, low blood BP, alkalosis

NKCC2 in LoH

Question 7

Where in the nephron does Gitelman’s syndrome affect?

Answer 7

DCT

Question 8

What channels affected and are the features of GS?

Answer 8

NCC

Hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, low BP

Question 9

Where in the nephron does Liddle’s syndrome affect?

Answer 9

Collecting Duct

Question 10

What channels are affected and are the features of LS?

Answer 10

ENaC

Hypokalaemia and High BP (Too high Na+ reabsorption)

Question 11

What substances are absorbed into blood from Tubular Lumen/cells?

Answer 11

Na+ and HCO3-

Question 12

If isolated part of nephron with large quantities of glucose and AA re-entering circulation? Where will this be?

Answer 12

PCT: Site of bulk reabsorption

Question 13

Which part of kidney will have flat epithelial cells?

Answer 13

Thin limb of the loop of Henlé