Acid Base Balance

Question 1

How do renal and respiratory compensation to acid/base disturbance differ?

Answer 1

Renal is slow compensation

Respiratory compensation is fast

Question 2

What is renal compensation mechanism for Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?

Answer 2

Acidosis: ^NH3 prod and H+ sec, HCO3- reabsorption ^
Alkalosis: H+ sec V and HCO3- reabsorb V

Question 3

What is the respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis?

Answer 3

Acidosis: PaCO2 V and chemoreceptors stimulate enhanced breathing
Alkalosis: Chemoreceptors inhibited and PaCO2 ^

Question 4

What are 2 causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 4

1) Ketoacidosis

2) Lactic acidosis

Question 5

How does respiratory acidosis affect the ammonium buffer?

Answer 5

It causes the uptake and synthesis of ammonia to be increased

Question 6

What is the standard bicarbonate?

Answer 6

Bicarbonate concentration standard to pCo2 5.3kPA and temperature 37 deg

Question 7

What is the base excess?

Answer 7

Quantity of acid required to return to pH in normal under standard conditions (Negative in acidosis)

Question 8

What is mixed acidosis?

Answer 8

Acidosis of 1 type, with compensatory mechanism also going in acidosis direction