Tubular Disease Flashcards
What cell does acute tubular necrosis affect?
Renal tubular epithelial cells.
What happens to renal tubular epithelial cells during acute tubular necrosis?
Results in the destruction of the renal tubular epithelial cells.
What are the two ways acute tubular necrosis can occur?
(1) Ischemia condition (obstruction of blood flow)
(2) Toxic processes
What are the three causes of ischemic acute tubular necrosis?
(1) Sepsis
(2) Shock
(3) Trauma
Ischemic acute tubular necrosis effects what parts of the nephron?
The basement membrane and the tubules.
Toxic acute tubular necrosis can either result in what two processes?
Endogenous or Exogenous.
What is the endogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis?
These solutes or substances are when the concentration in the blood becomes too high, becoming toxic.
Give an example of an endogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis.
Hemoglobin or myoglobin after a trauma or hemolytic episode.
What is the exogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis?
Chemicals or substances that we take into the body.
Give an example of an exogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis.
Antibiotics, anesthetics, and radio contrast media.
What would you expect to find on a urinalysis chemical test for a patient with acute tubular necrosis?
Positive blood and protein; low specific gravity.
What would you expect to find on a urinalysis microscopic test for a patient with acute tubular necrosis?
Renal tubular cells present; renal tubular, waxy, broad, granular casts present.
How do hereditary and metabolic tubular dysfunction affect the tubules?
Via a build-up of metabolic by-products that the tubules can no longer reabsorb.
What causes Fanconi syndrome?
A build-up of amino acids as well as glucose, phosphate, sodium, and potassium that can be found in the urine.
What is Fanconi syndrome?
A proximal tubular dysfunction where substances cannot be reabsorbed and get excreted into the urine.