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MLS 425 Urinalysis and Body Fluids II > C_Cerebral Spinal Fluid > Flashcards

C_Cerebral Spinal Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

CSF is located between the ___ and the ___ in the brain and spinal cord.

A

arachnoid; pia mater.

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2
Q

Total CSF in adults.

A

85 - 150 mL.

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3
Q

Total CSF in neonates.

A

10 - 60 mL.

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4
Q

What are the basic functions of CSF?

A

(1) Protect the brain and spinal cord; (2) Transport and exchange of nutrients and waste.

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5
Q

How does inflammation occur in bacterial meningitis?

A

Invasion of bacteria via subarachnoid space; release of pro-inflammatory cytokines; inflammation of subarachnoid space.

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6
Q

What causes cerebral swelling in bacterial meningitis?

A

Breakdown of BBB allows migration of leukocytes.

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7
Q

What is the predicted CSF WBC cell count for a patient with bacterial meningitis?

A

> 1000 WBCs/mcL

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8
Q

Which WBC type predominates in bacterial meningitis?

A

Neutrophil.

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9
Q

What is the predicted CSF glucose for a patient with bacterial meningitis?

A

<40 mg/dL.

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10
Q

What is the predicted CSF protein for a patient with bacterial meningitis?

A

> 50 mg/dL (elevated).

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11
Q

What is the predicted CSF lactate for a patient with bacterial meningitis?

A

> 35 mg/dL.

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12
Q

If lactate is ___ and glucose is ___, this is a good indication of bacterial meningitis.

A

increased; decreased.

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13
Q

What testing technique is used for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis?

A

Latex agglutination.

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14
Q

Define viral meningitis.

A

Inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord due to a virus. Non-polio enteroviruses are the most common cause.

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15
Q

Viral meningitis causes sensitized lymphocytes which produce cytokines which result in what?

A

Tissue destruction and further alteration of the BBB.

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16
Q

What is the gold standard testing method in viral meningitis?

A

PCR.

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17
Q

What is the predicted CSF WBC cell count for a patient with viral meningitis?

A

50-1000 WBC/uL.

18
Q

What WBC cell predominates in viral meningitis?

A

Lymphocyte.

19
Q

How does glucose differ from bacterial and viral meningitis?

A

Viral glucose: >45 mg/dL

Bacterial glucose: <40 mg/dL.

20
Q

What is the predicted CSF protein for a patient with viral meningitis?

A

<200 mg/dL.

21
Q

Define fungal meningitis.

A

Fungal infection of the brain and spinal cord; primarily in immunocompromised patients.

22
Q

How does clinical symptoms differ between fungal meningitis compared to bacterial or viral?

A

Slower onset of symptoms.

23
Q

What is the gold standard of fungal meningitis?

A

CSF gram stain and culture.

24
Q

What is the predicted CSF glucose for a patient with fungal meningitis?

A

> 45 mg/dL (increased).

25
Q

What is the predicted CSF protein for a patient with fungal meningitis?

A

> 45 mg/dL (increased).

26
Q

What is the predicted CSF WBC count for a patient with fungal meningitis?

A

0-1000 WBCs/uL.

27
Q

Define Tuberculosis meningitis.

A

Infection of the brain and spinal cord caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.

28
Q

What types of patients are at highest risk for tuberculosis meningitis?

A

Children and HIV patients.

29
Q

Tuberculosis meningitis typically starts as a ___ of inhalation of infectious droplets.

A

lung infection.

30
Q

What are Rich focus’s?

A

Granulomas which form in the meninges, brain and/or spinal cord as a result of tuberculosis meningitis.

31
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis meningitis?

A

Culture and smear.

32
Q

What is the predicted CSF WBC count for a patient with tuberculosis meningitis?

A

50 - 500 cells/uL.

33
Q

Which cells predominate in tuberculosis meningitis?

A

Mononuclear.

34
Q

What is the predicted CSF protein for a patient with tuberculosis meningitis?

A

50 - 300 mg/dL.

35
Q

What is the predicted CSF glucose for a patient with tuberculosis meningitis?

A

<45 mg/dL.

36
Q

Define subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

A

Bleeding into the subarachnoid space.

37
Q

How is SAH diagnosed?

A

Noncontrast CT scan; if negative, CSF analysis is performed.

38
Q

Xanthrochromia is (present/absent) in SAH.

A

Present.

39
Q

How would bilirubin be effected in SAH vs. traumatic puncture?

A

SAH: >350 nmol/L.
Traumatic: <350 nmol/L.

40
Q

Define multiple sclerosis.

A

Chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.

41
Q

How is MS commonly diagnosed?

A

Oligoclonal band analysis; compare serum and CSF samples.

MLS 425 Urinalysis and Body Fluids II (12 decks)

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