Tuberculosis

Question 1

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in tuberculosis(TB)

Answer 1

type IV

Question 2

describe a typical TB presentation

Answer 2

productive cough, haemoptysis, night sweats, fever, pleuritic pain, upper zone crackles, weight loss

Question 3

what pathology does TB produce in the lungs

Answer 3

granulomas with caseous(cheesy) necrosis

Question 4

what are the main investigations done for TB

Answer 4

CXR and a Ziehl Neilsen stain

Question 5

describe a ziehl neilsen stain in TB

Answer 5

acid fast bacili turn bright red

Question 6

what pneumonic is used to remember TB treatment

Answer 6

2 RIPE 4 RI

Question 7

what does the 2 RIPE in TB treatment mean

Answer 7

2 months of rifampicin, isoniazide, pyrazimide and ethambutol

Question 8

what does the 4 RI in TB treatment stand for

Answer 8

4 months of rifampicin and isoniazide

Question 9

which comes first in TB treatment 2 months of RIPE or 4 months of RI

Answer 9

2 months of RIPE

Question 10

what side effects are associated with rifampicin and isoniazide

Answer 10

rifampicin = orange fluids
isoniazide = neuropathy

Question 11

what side effects are associated with pyrazimide and ethambutol

Answer 11

pyrazimide = joint pain
ethambutol = colour blindness