Tuberculosis Flashcards
Should be added to the regimen to prevent isoniazid-related neuropathy. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
Pyridoxine 10-25mg/d
High risk of vitamin B6 deficiency. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
Alcoholics
Malnourished persons
Pregnant
Lactating women
Conditions associated with neuropathy. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
Chronic renal failure
Diabetes
HIV infection
Persons that should be given pyridoxine to prevent isoniazid-related neuropathy. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
High risk of vitamin B6 deficiency
Conditions associated with neuropathy
Candidates for treatment of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection if tuberculin reaction size is >/= 5mm. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1120)
HIV infected persons
Recent contacts of a patient with TB
Organ transplant recipients
Persons with fibrotic lesions consistent with old TB on chest radiography
Persons who are immunosuppressed (use of glucocorticoids or TNF-a inhibitors)
Persons with high-risk medical conditions (silicosis and ESRD on dialysis)
Candidates for treatment of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection if tuberculin reaction size is > /= 10mm. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1120)
Recent immigrants (< or = 5 years) from high-prevalence countries
Injection drug users
Mycobacteriology laboratory personnel
Residents and employees of high-risk congregate settings (correctional facilities, nursing homes, homeless shelters, hospitals and other health care facilities)
Children < 5 years of age; children and adolescents exposed to adults in high risk categories
Smears that are positive after __ months of treatment when the patient is known to be adherent are indicative of treatment failure and possible resistance. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1117)
3 months
Monitoring by AFB smear examination should be undertaken at. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1120)
2, 5, and 6 months
In Tuberculosis, Recommended treatment regimen for new smear- or culture-positive cases. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
2HRZE/4HR
In Tuberculosis, Recommended treatment regimen for new culture-negative cases. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
2HRZE/4HR
In Tuberculosis, Recommended treatment regimen for pregnant patients. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
2HRE/7HR
In Tuberculosis, Recommended treatment regimen for relapse and treatment default. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1116)
3HRZES/5HRE
Recommend daily dosage of Isoniazid for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
5mg/kg, max 300mg
Recommend daily dosage of Rifampicin for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
10mg/kg, max 600mg
Recommend daily dosage of Ethambutol for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
15mg/kg
Recommend daily dosage of Pyrazinamide for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
25mg/kg, max 2g
Recommend Thrice-weekly dosage of Isoniazid for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
10mg/kg, max 900mg
Recommend Thrice-weekly dosage of Rifampicin for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
10mg/kg, max 600mg
Recommend Thrice-weekly dosage of Ethambutol for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
30mg/kg
Recommend Thrice-weekly dosage of Pyrazinamide for initial treatment of tuberculosis in adults. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1115)
35mg/kg, max 3g
Other terms for Postprimary TB infection. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Reactivation
Secondary TB
Adult-type TB
May result from endogenous reactivation of distant LTBI or recent infection. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Postprimary (adult-type) TB
Usual location for Postprimary (Adult-type TB). (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Apical and posterior segments of the upper lobes
Superior segments of the lower lobes
Produced by massive involvement of pulmonary segments or lobes with coalescence of lesions. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Caseating pneumonia
Liquefied necrotic contents in the TB. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Cavity formation/cavitation
Defined as untreated patients reportedly succumb to severe pulmonary TB within a few months after onset. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Classic “galloping consumption” of the past
Chronic progressively debilitating course of Postprimary (Adult-type) disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
“Consumption”
Phthisis
Signs and symptoms of Postprimary (adult-type) Disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Diurnal fever Night sweats Weight loss Anorexia General malaise Weakness Cough Hemoptysis Pleuritic Chest pain Dyspnea
Most common hematologic findings in Postprimary (adult-type) Disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1109)
Mild anemia
Leukocytosis
Thrombocytosis
Slightly elevated ESR and/or CRP
Cause of hemoptysis in TB. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1108)
Erosion of blood vessel in the wall of a cavity
Rupture of dilated vessel in a cavity (rasmussen’s aneurysm)
Aspergilloma formation in an old cavity
Most common site of extrapulmonary TB. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1109)
Lymph nodes
Most common presentation of extrapulmonary TB on both HIV-seronegative and HIV-infected patients. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1109)
Lymph node TB (Tuberculous lymphadenitis)
Painless swelling of the lymphnodes, most commonly at posterior cervical and supraclavicular sites. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1109)
Scrofula
Diagnosis of Lymph node TB (Tuberculous lymphadenitis) is established by. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1109)
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Surgical excision biopsy
Characteristic of granulomas in HIV infected patients. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1109)
Less well organized
Frequently absent entirely
Bacterial loads are heavier
