Introduction

Question 1

Major categories of Respiratory Diseases. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 1

Obstructive lung diseases
Restrictive disorders
Abnormalities of the vasculature

Question 2

Types of Restrictive pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 2

Parenchymal diseases
Neuromuscular weakness
Chest wall/pleural disease

Question 3

Most common category among the respiratory diseases. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 3

Obstructive lung diseases

Question 4

Examples of obstructive lung disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 4

Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiolitis

Question 5

Examples of Restrictive disorders (Parenchymal disease). (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 5

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Asbestos
Desquamative insterstitial pneumonitis (DIP)
Sarcoidosis

Question 6

Examples of Restrictive disorders (Neuromuscular weakness). (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 6

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Guillan-Barre syndrome

Question 7

Examples of Restrictive disorders (chest wall/pleural disease). (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 7

Kyphoscoliosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Chronic pleural effusions

Question 8

Examples of pulmonary vascular disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1661)

Answer 8

Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

Question 9

Most useful diagnostic modality for assessing hilar and mediastinal disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1664)

Answer 9

Chest CT scan

Question 10

Diagnostic modality that is most commonly used to identify malignant lesions in the lung. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1666)

Answer 10

Positron emission tomographic (PET) scan

Question 11

Most useful diagnostic modality in identifying and characterizing disease adjacent to the chest wall or spine (including pleural disease). (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1664)

Answer 11

Chest CT scan

Question 12

Diagnostic modality that is well suited to distinguish vascular from nonvascular structures without the need for contrast. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1666)

Answer 12

MRI

Question 13

Most useful diagnostic modality in identifying areas of fat density or calcification in pulmonary nodules. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1664)

Answer 13

Chest CT scan

Question 14

Hallmark of restrictive lung disease.

Answer 14

Decrease Total Lung Capacity (TLC) and Vital Capacity (VC)

Question 15

Lung volumes and capacities that can be measured directly by spirometry.

Answer 15

Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory capacity
Vital capacity

Question 16

______ are a manifestation of airway obstruction. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1662)

Answer 16

Wheezes

Question 17

______ are a manifestation of obstruction of medium-sized airways, most often with secretions. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1662)

Answer 17

Rhonchi

Question 18

______, a high-pitched, focal inspiratory wheeze, usually heard over the neck, is a manifestation of upper airway obstruction. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1662)

Answer 18

Stridor

Question 19

_______ are commonly a sign of alveolar disease and is a result of a variety of processes that fill the alveoli with fluid. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1662)

Answer 19

Crackles or rales