Pneumothorax Flashcards
Presence of gas in the pleural space. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax that occurs without antecedent trauma to the thorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Pneumothorax that occurs in the absence of underlying lung disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Pneumothorax that occurs in the presence of underlying lung disease. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Secondary pneumothorax
Pneumothorax that results from penetrating or nonpenetrating chest injuries. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Traumatic pneumothorax
Pneumothorax in which the pressure in the pleural space is positive throughout the respiratory cycle. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Tension pneumothorax
The usual cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Rupture of apical pleural blebs
Small cystic spaces that lie within or immediately under the visceral pleura. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Pleural blebs
Primary spontaneous pneumothoraxes occur almost exclusively in? (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Smokers
The initial recommended treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Simple aspiration
Treatment for recurrent pneumothorax or if the lung does not expand with aspiration. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Thoracoscopy with stapling of blebs and pleural abrasion
Success rate of thoracoscopy or thoracotomy with pleural abrasion in preventing recurrences. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
100%
Most common cause of secondary pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Nearly all patients with secondary pneumothorax should be treated with? (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Tube thoracostomy
Most patients with secondary pneumothorax should also be treated with? (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Thoracoscopy or thoracotomy with the stapling of blebs and pleural abrasion
Treatment for secondary pneumothorax if the patient is not a good operative candidate or refuses surgery. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Pleurodesis (intrapleural injection of a sclerosing agent such as doxycycline)
Treatment for traumatic pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Tube thoracostomy
Treatment for hemopneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Tube thoracostomy
1 tube in the superior part of the hemothorax (air)
1 tube in the inferior part (blood)
Leading causes of Iatrogenic type of traumatic pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Transthoracic needle aspiration
Thoracentesis
Insertion of central intravenous catheters
Treatment for Iatrogenic type of traumatic pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Supplemental oxygen or aspiration
If unsuccessful, tube thoracostomy should be performed
Tension pneumothorax usually occurs during? (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Mechanical ventilation or resuscitative efforts
Life threatening results of tension pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Severely compromised ventilation
Decrease venous return
Reduced cardiac output
Diagnostic physical examination for Tension pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Enlarged hemithorax with no breath sounds
Hyperresonance to percussion
Shift of the mediastinum to the contralateral side
Treatment for tension pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Large-bore needle insertion at the 2nd anterior intercostal space
If large amount of gas escape from the needle (confirmatory diagnosis), the needle should be left in place until a thoracostomy tube can be inserted
Cause of death in tension pneumothorax. (Harrison’s 19th edition, pp 1719)
Inadequate cardiac output
Marked hypoxemia
