Tuberculosis Flashcards
Give the symptoms of tuberculosis
Post primary infection presents as more severe and more symptomatic, primary infection may be asymptomatic
- fever
- night sweats
- malaise
- weight loss
- haemoptysis
- pleuritic pain
- dyspnoea
Give the signs of tuberculosis
- initial lesion and local lymph node
- erythema nodosum
- crackles
- bronchial breathing
What are the infective organisms that cause tuberculosis?
- mycobacterium tuberculae
- mycobacterium bovis
How is mycobacterium bovis transmitted?
Through consumption of infected cows milk
What 4 drugs are used in the treatment of tuberculosis?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
What is essential in tuberculosis?
multiple drug therapy
How long should treatment be carried out for tuberculosis?
6 months
How long after starting treatment for tuberculosis is an individual no longer considered to be infective?
2 weeks
What drugs are used in the first 2 months of tuberculosis treatment?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
What drugs are used in the last 4 months of tuberculosis treatment?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
What are the side effects of Rifampicin?
- hepatitis
- OCP ineffective
- orange tears and urine
What are the side effects of Isoniazid?
- hepatitis
- peripheral neuropathy
What is the side effect of Ethambutol?
optic neuropathy
What is the side effect of Pyrazinamide?
gout
What investigations would you do for tuberculosis?
- sputum smear, Ziehl-Neilsen stain
- sputum culture
- sputum PCR
- CXR
- CT thorax
- bronchoscopy
- bronchoalveolar lavage
- transbronchial biopsy
- pleural aspiration, fluid cytology
- biopsy histology and culture
