Tuberculodis Flashcards
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Latent tb
In the body, but the body has been able to fight off the infection
-can become active if pt is immunocomprimised or if they get older in age
Subjective data
- persistent cough lasting longer than 3 weeks
- purple T sputum, possible blood streak
- fatigue and lethargy
- weight loss and anorexia
- night sweats, low grade fever in the afternoon
Objective data
-older adult : altered mentation, unusual behavior, fever, anorexia, weight loss
Lab tests:
QuantiFERON-TB gold:
- blood test that detect release of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) in fresh heparinized whole blood from sensitized people
- tests if TB is active or latent
Mantoux test
- should be read 48-72 hours
- 10 mm or greater means it’s positive skin test
- 5 mm is positive for immunocomprimised people
Bacillus calmette-gherkin (BCG)
- can cause false-positive results if taken in the past 10 years
- must get chest c-ray
Nursing care:
- humidify oxygen
- n95 or heap respirator
- encourage fluid intake and well balanced diet
- foods rich in protein, iron, and got C
Medications
- Rifampin (rifadin)
- Isoniazid (nydrazid)
- Pyrazibamide
- Ethambutol hydrochloride (myambutol)
Isoniazed (Nydrazid)
- INH
- inhibits growth
- should be taken on empty stomach
- watch out for tingling: toxicity
- VITAMIN B: used to prevent neurotoxicity
-alcohol is bad can cause toxicity
Rafampin (rifadin)
- RIF
- bacteriostatic & bactericidal antibiotic
- physiology: inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in the susceptible cells
- observe for toxicity
- urine can be orange
- report yellowing of skin, pain, or swelling of joints, loss of appetite, or malaise
- can interfere with BC pills
Pyrazinamide
- PZA
- bacteriostatic and bactericidal
- action is unknown
- observe for hepatoxcitiy
- do not drink alcohol
- yellowing of skin, loss of appetite, and malaise should be reported
- increase fluids
Ethambutol (myambutol)
-EMB
-bacteriostatic
Physiology: works by suppressing RNA synthesis, subsequently inhibiting protein synthesis
Nursing actions:
- obtain visual acuity test
- determine color discrimination ability
- should not be given to children under the age of 13
Streptomycin sulfate (streptomycin)
-an amino glycoside antibiotic
Physiology: potentiates the efficacy of macrophages during phagocytosis
Nursing consideration: should only be used for patients with multi drug-resistant TB
- can cause ototoxicity
- report changes in urinary output
Military TB
- a complication
- organism invades the bloodstream and can spread to multiply body organs with complications include:
- headaches, stick neck, and drowsiness
- pericarditis: dyspnea, swollen neck veins, pleuritic pain, and hypotension due to an accumulation of fluid
