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Talk to me in Korean > TTMIK Grammar Level 6 > Flashcards

TTMIK Grammar Level 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How about …?

A

Noun 어때요?
Verb stem -는 거 어때요?

From 어떻다 (to be how).

Contractions:

  • 는 거 + subject marker → -는 것 + 이 → -는 것이 → -는 게
  • 는 거 + topic marker → -는 것 + 은 → -는 건

Example:
이거 싫어요? 이거 (or 이건) 어때요? = You don’t like this? How about this one?

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2
Q

어때요

A

How about …?

Verb stem -는 거 어때요?

From 어떻다 (to be how).

Contractions:

  • 는 거 + subject marker → -는 것 + 이 → -는 것이 → -는 게
  • 는 거 + topic marker → -는 것 + 은 → -는 건

Example:
이거 싫어요? 이거 (or 이건) 어때요? = You don’t like this? How about this one?

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3
Q

What do you think?

A

어떻게 생각하세요? (more formal)

어떤 것 같아요? (more common in spoken language)

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4
Q

What do you think about NOUN/VERB?

A

about = -에 대해서
With 어떻게 생각해요, but not 어떤 같아요
Use -는 것 noun form of verb.

Examples:
What do you think of the school?
= 학교에 대해서 어떻게 생각해요?
= 학교 어떤 것 같아요?

What do you think about studying abroad?
= 유학을 가는 것에 대해서 어떻게 생각하세요?
= 유학을 가는 것 어떤 갓 같아요?

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5
Q

대해서

A

about (-에 대해서)
With 어떻게 생각해요, but not 어떤 같아요

Use -는 것 noun form of verb.

Examples:
What do you think of the school?
= 학교에 대해서 어떻게 생각해요?
= 학교 어떤 것 같아요?

What do you think about studying abroad?
= 유학을 가는 것에 대해서 어떻게 생각하세요?
= 유학을 가는 것 어떤 갓 같아요?

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6
Q

어떻게 생각하세요?

어떤 것 같아요?

A

What do you think?

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7
Q

One of the most …

A

가장 PLURAL NOUN 중의 하나

Or with a counter. Ex. 한 명 (person), 한 곳/근대 (place).

Contractions:

  • Dropping the plural (-들)
  • Dropping the -의
Examples:
가장 자주 만나는 친구들 중의 한 명 
= 가장 자주 만나는 친구 중의 한 명 
= 가장 자주 만나는 친구 중 한 명
= one of the friends that I meet most often

한국에서 가장 인기 있는 영화 중(의) 하나예요.
= It’s one of the most popular movies in Korea.

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8
Q

가장 ~ 중의 하나

A

One of the most …

Or with a counter. Ex. 한 명 (person), 한 곳/근대 (place).

Contractions:

  • Dropping the plural (-들)
  • Dropping the -의
Examples:
가장 자주 만나는 친구들 중의 한 명 
= 가장 자주 만나는 친구 중의 한 명 
= 가장 자주 만나는 친구 중 한 명
= one of the friends that I meet most often

한국에서 가장 인기 있는 영화 중(의) 하나예요.
= It’s one of the most popular movies in Korea.

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9
Q

Do you mind if I …?

Would you mind …?

A

-아/어/여도 돼요? Does it work to … ?
-아/어/여도 괜찮아요? Is it okay to … ?
-아/어/여도 될까요? Uncertain future tense of 되다
(More -> less direct)

Examples:
창문 열어도 돼요? = Do you mind if I open the window?
여기 앉아도 괜찮아요? = May I sit here?
나중에 전화해도 될까요? = Can I call you later?

-아/어/여 주실래요?
주다 + 씨 + ㄹ래요 (do you want to)

Example:
한 번 더 설명해 주실래요? = Do you mind explaining one more time?

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10
Q

창문 열어도 돼요?
여기 앉아도 괜찮아요?
나중에 전화해도 될까요?

A

-아/어/여도 돼요? Does it work to … ?
-아/어/여도 괜찮아요? Is it okay to … ?
-아/어/여도 될까요? Uncertain future tense of 되다
(More -> less direct)

Examples:
창문 열어도 돼요? = Do you mind if I open the window?
여기 앉아도 괜찮아요? = May I sit here?
나중에 전화해도 될까요? = Can I call you later?

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11
Q

한 번 더 설명해 주실래요?

A

-아/어/여 주실래요? Would you mind … for me?
주다 + 씨 + ㄹ래요 (do you want to)

Example:
한 번 더 설명해 주실래요? = Do you mind explaining one more time?

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12
Q

I’m in the middle of …-ing

A

-고 있는 중이에요

고 있다 (present progressive) +
는 (adjective form) +
중 (middle) + 이다

Contraction: -는 중이에요

Examples
가고 있는 중이에요. = I am on my way.
뭐 하고 있는 중이었어요? = What were you doing?

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13
Q

-고 있는 중이에요

A

I’m in the middle of …-ing

고 있다 (present progressive) +
는 (adjective form) +
중 (middle) + 이다

Contraction: -는 중이에요

Examples
가고 있는 중이에요. = I am on my way.
뭐 하고 있는 중이었어요? = What were you doing?

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14
Q

One way or the other

A 
어차피
Alternative translations
- anyway
- one way or another
- not even \_\_\_\_ to begin with
- in any case 
- after all

Examples
어차피 다시 올 거예요.
= I will come back anyway. (So don’t worry if I forget something. I can take it when I come back.)

어차피 못 해요.
= It’s obvious I can’t do it.

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15
Q

어차피

A
  • anyway
  • one way or another
  • not even ____ to begin with
  • in any case
  • after all

Examples
어차피 다시 올 거예요.
= I will come back anyway. (So don’t worry if I forget something. I can take it when I come back.)

어차피 못 해요.
= It’s obvious I can’t do it.

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16
Q

I’m not sure if …

A

-(으)ㄴ/는지 잘 모르겠어요.

  • (으)ㄴ/는지 = whether or not
  • 겠 = assumption or intention (I guess I don’t know / I’d like to know)

Related: 확실하다 = to be sure

Examples:
이거 누구 책인지 잘 모르겠어요.
= I’m not sure whose book this is.

다 끝났는지 잘 모르겠어요.
= I’m not sure if it all ended.

서점이 내일 문을 열지 잘 모르겠어요. or
서점이 내일 문을 열 건지 잘 모르겠어요.
= I’m not sure if the bookstore will be open tomorrow.

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17
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는지 잘 모르겠어요.

A

I’m not sure if …

  • (으)ㄴ/는지 = whether or not
  • 겠 = assumption or intention (I guess I don’t know / I’d like to know)

Related: 확실하다 = to be sure

Examples:
이거 누구 책인지 잘 모르겠어요.
= I’m not sure whose book this is.

다 끝났는지 잘 모르겠어요.
= I’m not sure if it all ended.

서점이 내일 문을 열지 잘 모르겠어요. or
서점이 내일 문을 열 건지 잘 모르겠어요.
= I’m not sure if the bookstore will be open tomorrow.

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18
Q

While you are at it

A

Past tense: -(으)ㄴ 김에
Present/future tense: -는 김에

김 here means opportunity or reason to do sth (not used on its own).

Examples
백화점에 가는 김에 영화도 볼 거예요.
Since I’m already going to the department store, I’m going to see a movie too.

서울에 온 김에 친구들을 만났어요.
While visiting Seoul I took the opportunity to meet with some friends.

19
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 김에

A

While you are at it

Past tense: -(으)ㄴ 김에
Present/future tense: -는 김에

김 here means opportunity or reason to do sth (not used on its own).

Examples
백화점에 가는 김에 영화도 볼 거예요.
Since I’m already going to the department store, I’m going to see a movie too.

서울에 온 김에 친구들을 만났어요.
While visiting Seoul I took the opportunity to meet with some friends.

20
Q

I/You mean…

Giving/Asking for clarification

A
  1. 그러니까 = so, …
  2. 제 말 뜻은 (or 제 말은) = what I mean is …
    (뜻 = meaning)
  3. -(이)라고요 (nouns) or -(ㄴ/은/는)다고요 (verbs)
    Ends sentence starting with 1 or 2.
  4. -(이)라는/-다는 말이에요
    Remember quoting
    - noun (이)라는 = to say one is/to be called
    - verb 다는 = something saying that verb

I mean as in clarifying/asking for clarification.
X means Y = X은/는 Y라는 뜻이에요

Example:
그러니까 이거 저 준다고요?
= You mean you are giving this to me?

21
Q

그러니까

A

Clarification (so…)

Example:
그러니까 이거 저 준다고요?
= You mean you are giving this to me?

22
Q

제 말 뜻은

A

What I mean is…
or 제 말은

End with -(이)라고요 (nouns) or -(ㄴ/은/는)다고요 (verbs)

23
Q

What do you mean? What does that mean?

A

무슨 말이에요?
무슨 is adjective form of 무엇 / 뭐

Also 무슨 소리예요? (lit. What sound is it?)
Less polite.

24
Q

무슨 말이에요?

A

What do you mean? What does that mean?

25
Q

“/ (slash)” or “and”

A

VERB-(으)ㄹ 겸
NOUN 겸 NOUN

With verb means doing something for an additional purpose.

Examples:
아침 겸 점심 = breakfast/lunch, brunch

영어 공부도 할 겸, 영어로 된 소설을 읽고 있어요.
= (I’m doing it because it’s fun, but) I’m reading a novel written in English to study English as well.

26
Q

겸

A

“/ (slash)” or “and”

With verb means doing something for an additional purpose.

Examples:
아침 겸 점심 = breakfast/lunch, brunch

영어 공부도 할 겸, 영어로 된 소설을 읽고 있어요.
= (I’m doing it because it’s fun, but) I’m reading a novel written in English to study English as well.

27
Q 
Giving definition
(The nature of) X is ... (for instance, love is ...)
A

-(이)라는 것은
or shorter -(이)란

From -(이)라고 하는 것 = the thing that they call …

Examples
사랑이란 무엇일까요? = What is love?

진정한 친구란 어려울 때 도와 주는 친구예요.
= A true friend is a friend who helps (you) when things are difficult.

28
Q

-(이)라는 것은

A 
Giving definition
(The nature of) X is ...

Shorter: -(이)란

From -(이)라고 하는 것 = the thing that they call …

Examples
사랑이란 무엇일까요? = What is love?

진정한 친구란 어려울 때 도와 주는 친구예요.
= A true friend is a friend who helps (you) when things are difficult.

29
Q

Intention / assumption suffix

A

-겠-

In some fixed expressions:
처음 뵙겠습니다 = Nice to meet you. (뵙다 = to meet, honorific)
잘 먹겠습니다 = Thank you for the food.
-는지 잘 모르겠어요 = I’m not sure if …

Examples
아프겠어요. = That must hurt.
이게 좋겠어요. = I think this will be good.

30
Q

-겠-

A

Intention / assumption suffix

In some fixed expressions:
처음 뵙겠습니다 = Nice to meet you. (뵙다 = to meet, honorific)
잘 먹겠습니다 = Thank you for the food.
-는지 잘 모르겠어요 = I’m not sure if …

Examples
아프겠어요. = That must hurt.
이게 좋겠어요. = I think this will be good.

31
Q

Because, since (when cause comes after effect).

A

-거든요

Compare to -으니까, -아/어서, and -기 때문에 which are used when cause comes before effect in the sentence.

Can be used by itself if the result is clear from the context.

Example
저도 모르겠어요. 저 방금 왔거든요. 
= I don’t know either. I just got here.
저 방금 왔으니까 저도 모르겠어요
= I just got here, so I don't know either.

Usage 2: Background information, signaling that there’s more to the story.
아까 효진 씨 만났거든요. 그런데 이상한 말을 했어요.
= I met Hyojin earlier. But she said something strange.

32
Q

-거든요

A

Because, since (when cause comes after effect).\

Compare to -으니까, -아/어서, and -기 때문에 which are used when cause comes before effect in the sentence.

Can be used by itself if the result is clear from the context.

Example
저도 모르겠어요. 저 방금 왔거든요. 
= I don’t know either. I just got here.
저 방금 왔으니까 저도 모르겠어요
= I just got here, so I don't know either.

Usage 2: Background information, signaling that there’s more to the story.
아까 효진 씨 만났거든요. 그런데 이상한 말을 했어요.
= I met Hyojin earlier. But she said something strange.

33
Q

Either A or B, Or

A
  • VERB거나 VERB
  • NOUN-(이)나 NOUN
  • 아니면 (lit. if not) Can separate sentences

Examples
집에 가거나 친구를 만날 거예요.
= I will (either) go home or meet a friend.

여기나 저기 = 여기 아니면 저기 = here or there

34
Q
  • 거나
  • (이)나
  • 아니면
A

Either A or B, Or

Examples
집에 가거나 친구를 만날 거예요.
= I will (either) go home or meet a friend.

여기나 저기 = 여기 아니면 저기 = here or there

35
Q

Passive voice

A
  • Verb stem + -이/히/리/기-
  • Verb stem + -아/어지다
  • 하다 verbs: 하다 -> 되다

Can be used for possibility (esp 하다 verbs). Ex:
안 만들어져요 = I can’t make it (in this particular instance).

No hard rules which verbs use which version. For -이/히/리/기 verbs you can a 아/어지다 for “double” passive voice.

  • 이 if -ㅎ (ex 놓이다 = to be put down)
  • 히 if -ㄱ/ㄷ/ㅂ (ex 막히다 = to be eaten, 닫히다 = to get closed, 잡히다 = to get caught)
  • 리 if -ㄹ (ex 밀리다 = to be pushed)
  • 기 if -ㄴ/ㅁ/ㅅ/ㅊ (안기다 = to be hugged)

Remember that descriptive verbs + 아/어지다 is “to become …”. Here the suffix applies to action verbs.

Examples

  • 잘라지다 = to be cut (자르다)
  • 보내지다 = to be sent (보내다)
36
Q

I DID do it, I DO like it

A

-기는 하다

Often repeating the verb: 가기는 갔어요 (I DID go)

Example:
읽기는 읽었는데 이해가 안 돼요.
= I DID read it, but I don’t understand it.

37
Q

-기는 하다

A

I DID do it, I DO like it

Often repeating the verb: 가기는 갔어요 (I DID go)

Example:
읽기는 읽었는데 이해가 안 돼요.
= I DID read it, but I don’t understand it.

38
Q

Easy/difficult to + Verb

A

-기 쉽다/어렵다

Omitted particle: 가 or 에 (can be either)

가 if the act is easy/hard
에 (for) if there’s another subject already

Also with other verbs like
편리하다 (to be convenient)
좋다
불편하다 (to be inconvenient)

Examples:
이건 만들기(가) 어려워요 = This is difficult to make
이건 어린이가 사용하기(에) 어려워요.
= This is difficult for a child to use.

(어린이 = child, 사용하다 = to use, 사용 = usage, for a purpose)

39
Q

I thought/knew…, I didn’t think…

A

-(으)ㄴ/ㄹ 줄 알다 / 모르다

ㄴ for past tense, ㄹ for future tense, (는 for present, but less common)

비가 올 줄 알았어요.
= I knew it was going to rain. (stress 알았어요)
= I thought it was going to rain. (stress 올 줄)

오늘 눈이 올 줄 몰랐어요.
= I didn’t think it would snow today.

저는 경화 씨도 온 줄 알았어요.
= I thought Kyung-hwa also came.

40
Q

-(으)ㄴ/ㄹ 줄 알다

A

I thought/knew …

Also -(으)ㄴ/ㄹ 줄 모르다 = I didn’t think …

With ㄹ, can also mean “to know how to do something” (use context to disambiguate).

ㄴ for past tense, ㄹ for future tense, (는 for present, but less common)

비가 올 줄 알았어요.
= I knew it was going to rain. (stress 알았어요)
= I thought it was going to rain. (stress 올 줄)

오늘 눈이 올 줄 몰랐어요.
= I didn’t think it would snow today.

저는 경화 씨도 온 줄 알았어요.
= I thought Kyung-hwa also came.

41
Q

To know how to do something

A

-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다

Compare with -(으)ㄹ 수 있다, which has roughly the same meaning, but can be used also for things that you could potentially do, but maybe don’t yet know how.

42
Q

It depends on …

A
  • 에 따라 달라요
  • 마다 다르다 (only with nouns)

다르다 = to be different. Also with 다르지다 = to become different.

When used with a clause, conjugate the verb in the -는지 form.
Optional: 따라서

-마다 = every

Nuance: -마다 doesn’t necessarily imply a connection. It can simply mean that something changes randomly.

(The verb to depend is 의지하다 or 의존하다)

Examples:
언제 가는지에 따라 달라요.
= It depends on when you go there.

해마다 달라요.
= It depends on the year.
= It’s different every year.

43
Q

-에 따라 달라요

A

It depends on …

(Also -마다 다르다)

다르다 = to be different. Also with 다르지다 = to become different.

When used with a clause, conjugate the verb in the -는지 form.
Optional: 따라서

Example:
언제 가는지에 따라 달라요.
= It depends on when you go there.

44
Q

-마다 다르다

A

It depends on NOUN

-마다 = every

Doesn’t necessarily imply a connection. It can simply mean that something changes randomly.

해마다 달라요.
= It depends on the year.
= It’s different every year.

Talk to me in Korean (5 decks)

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