To look/seem like, I think it is - nouns - verbs

- 같아요 - -는 것 같아요 (past: -(으)ㄴ, future: -(으)ㄹ)

TTMIK grammar lessons (level 3 & 4) Flashcards by Ulf Norell

Verb and Verb

Verb stem-고 verb

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Shall we / I wonder?

-(으)ㄹ까요

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-(으)ㄹ까요

Shall we / I wonder? Expressing uncertainty

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Approximately, About

쯤 (after word)
정도 (after word)
약 (before word)

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쯤

Approximately

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정도

About (approximately)

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약

About (approximately)

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Future tense in reaction or as a result of something

(으)ㄹ게요

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(으)ㄹ게요

Future tense in reaction or as a result of something

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Cause + effect
Action + follow up action
Action + purpose/plan after the action

A서 B

Shorthand of A 그래서 B

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A서 B

Cause + effect
Action + follow up action
Action + purpose/plan after the action
Shorthand of A 그래서 B

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To look/seem like, I think it is

nouns
verbs

같아요

- -는 것 같아요 (past: -(으)ㄴ, future: -(으)ㄹ)

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같아요

To look/seem like, I think (nouns)

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Before (noun)

Before (verb)

(noun) 전에

(verb) 기 전에

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전에

Before

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ㅂ-irregular

If vowel is 오, change ㅂ to 오,
otherwise change ㅂ to 우.
Only when suffix starts with a vowel (so not for -는 or -고).
Exceptions:
- 입다 = to wear
- 잡다 = to catch
- 씹다 = to bite
- 좁다 to be narrow
- 넓다 = to be wide

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But still, nevertheless

그래도

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그래도

But still, nevertheless

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Turning verbs into adjectives

Descriptive: -(으)ㄴ
Action (present): -는
Action (past): -(으)ㄴ
Action (future): (으)ㄹ

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In that case, if so

그러면

그럼 (shorter)

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그러면

In that case, if so

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그럼

In that case, if so

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In order for, for the sake of

위해 / 위해서 (위하다)
noun를 휘해서
verb기 휘해서

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위해서

In order for, for the sake of

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Nothing but, only

밖에 +negative verb (밖에 = outside) Ex: 먹을 것은 밥밖에 없어요 There is nothing but rice to eat

밖에 +negative verb

Nothing but, only

밖에

Outside

After doing something

``` -(으)ㄴ 다음에 (Verb in past tense noun form) Also - 후에 (오후 = afternoon) - 뒤에 (behind) ```

-(으)ㄴ 다음에

After doing something

Even if, even though

-아/어도 (shorter form of 그래도)

-아/어도

Even if, even though

Verb ending for 1. Explaining background / context 2. Showing surprise 3. Expecting response / explanation

Action verb -는데 | Descriptive verb -(으)ㄴ데

Verb ending for 1. Explaining background / context 2. Showing surprise 3. Expecting response / explanation

Maybe I might

-(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요

Maybe I might

르-irregular | Example: 고르다

Change 르 to ㄹ and add extra ㄹ. | 고르다 (to choose) => 골라요

Verb ending to express surprise or being impressed

-네요 | 맛있네요 - that's surprisingly delicious!

-네요

Verb ending to express surprise or being impressed

ㄷ-irregular

``` Change ㄷ to ㄹ Example: 듣다 => 들어요, 걷다 => 걸어요 Execeptions: - 받다 (receive) - 닫다 (close) - 믿다 (believe, trust) - 묻다 (bury) ```

ㅅ-irregular

``` Drop ㅅ if ending start with a vowel. Example: 낫다 (to heal) => 나아요 Exceptions: - 웃다 (smile, laugh) - 씻다 (wash) - 벗다 (take off clothes) ```

The more A the more B

A(으)ㄹ수록 B | Emphasis: A면 A(으)ㄹ수록 B

A(으)ㄹ수록 B

The more A the more B

Future tense, I want to, Do you want to?

-(으)ㄹ래요

Future tense, I want to, Do you want to?

It can't be ..., It's impossible that ...

-(으)ㄹ 리가 없어요 리 means “reason” or “logic” and can be found in the words 이유 (reason) and 논리 (logic)

-(으)ㄹ 리가 없어요

It can't be ..., It's impossible that ...

Talking about common knowledge

-지요 / -죠 | Or asking yourself a question (in 반말)

-지요 / -죠

Talking about common knowledge

It's okay. I'm okay.

괜찮아요 From 괜하다 = it's pointless 괜하지 않다 --> 괜치 않다 --> 괜찮다

괜찮아요

It's okay. I'm okay.

It's okay to...

- 아/어도 돼요 (되다) - 되다 = to function, be possible, can do - 도 = also, too

-아/어도 돼요

It's okay to...

You shouldn’t…, You’re not supposed to…

-(으)면 안 되다

You shouldn’t…, You’re not supposed to…

Between (options) A and B

A하고 B 중에서

중에서

Between (options)

Among

사이에서

Among

Anybody, Anything, Anywhere

Anybody 아무나, 아무도 (negative) Anything 아무거나, 아무것도 (negative) Anywhere 아무데나, 아무데도 (negative)

아무나

Anybody

아무도

Anybody (negative)

아무거나

Anything

아무것도

Anything (negative)

아무데나

Anywhere

아무데도

Anywhere (negative)

To try doing something

verb stem + -아/어 보다

-아/어 보다

To try doing something

- sometimes - often - always (written / spoken) - seldom; rarely - not at all - almost not at all

- 가끔 = sometimes - 자주 = often - 항상 = always [more common in written language] - 맨날 = (lit. everyday,) always; all the time [more common in spoken language] - 별로 = seldom; rarely - 전혀 = not at all - 거의 = almost not at all

가끔

sometimes

자주

often

항상

always

맨날

always (all the time)

별로

rarely

전혀

not at all

거의

almost not at all

Anytime

아무 때나

Not a word

아무 말도

To nobody

아무한테도

아무 때나

Anytime

아무 말도

Not a word

아무한테도

To nobody

Much (more)

훨씬 | Can drop the 더 in 훨씬 더 (but obviously not for 훨씬 덜)

훨씬

Much (more)

Noun groups: - A NOUN that VERB or - a NOUN that someone is VERB Past, present and future tense

Past: VERB(으)ㄴ NOUN Present: VERB는 NOUN Future: VERB(으)ㄹ NOUN

I think ... (not 생각하다)

-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다

-(으)ㄴ 것 같다

I think that ... happened

-는 것 같다

I think that ...

-(으)ㄹ 것 같다

I think that ... will happen

To become (adjective)

(adjective)-아/어지다

-아/어지다

To become (adjective)

To gradually/eventually get to do something

-게 되다 -게 = in such a way that … / so that … 되다 = to become