TTMIK grammar lessons (level 3 & 4) Flashcards
Verb and Verb
Verb stem-고 verb
Shall we / I wonder?
-(으)ㄹ까요
-(으)ㄹ까요
Shall we / I wonder? Expressing uncertainty
Approximately, About
쯤 (after word)
정도 (after word)
약 (before word)
쯤
Approximately
정도
About (approximately)
약
About (approximately)
Future tense in reaction or as a result of something
(으)ㄹ게요
(으)ㄹ게요
Future tense in reaction or as a result of something
Cause + effect
Action + follow up action
Action + purpose/plan after the action
A서 B
Shorthand of A 그래서 B
A서 B
Cause + effect
Action + follow up action
Action + purpose/plan after the action
Shorthand of A 그래서 B
To look/seem like, I think it is
- nouns
- verbs
- 같아요
- -는 것 같아요 (past: -(으)ㄴ, future: -(으)ㄹ)
같아요
To look/seem like, I think (nouns)
Before (noun)
Before (verb)
(noun) 전에
(verb) 기 전에
전에
Before
ㅂ-irregular
If vowel is 오, change ㅂ to 오, otherwise change ㅂ to 우. Only when suffix starts with a vowel (so not for -는 or -고). Exceptions: - 입다 = to wear - 잡다 = to catch - 씹다 = to bite - 좁다 to be narrow - 넓다 = to be wide
But still, nevertheless
그래도
그래도
But still, nevertheless
Turning verbs into adjectives
- Descriptive: -(으)ㄴ
- Action (present): -는
- Action (past): -(으)ㄴ
- Action (future): (으)ㄹ
In that case, if so
그러면
그럼 (shorter)
그러면
In that case, if so
그럼
In that case, if so
In order for, for the sake of
위해 / 위해서 (위하다)
noun를 휘해서
verb기 휘해서
위해서
In order for, for the sake of
Nothing but, only
밖에 +negative verb (밖에 = outside)
Ex: 먹을 것은 밥밖에 없어요
There is nothing but rice to eat
밖에 +negative verb
Nothing but, only
밖에
Outside
After doing something
-(으)ㄴ 다음에 (Verb in past tense noun form) Also - 후에 (오후 = afternoon) - 뒤에 (behind)
-(으)ㄴ 다음에
After doing something
Even if, even though
-아/어도 (shorter form of 그래도)
-아/어도
Even if, even though
Verb ending for
- Explaining background / context
- Showing surprise
- Expecting response / explanation
Action verb -는데
Descriptive verb -(으)ㄴ데
Action verb -는데
Descriptive verb -(으)ㄴ데
Verb ending for
- Explaining background / context
- Showing surprise
- Expecting response / explanation
Maybe I might
-(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요
-(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요
Maybe I might
르-irregular
Example: 고르다
Change 르 to ㄹ and add extra ㄹ.
고르다 (to choose) => 골라요
Verb ending to express surprise or being impressed
-네요
맛있네요 - that’s surprisingly delicious!
-네요
Verb ending to express surprise or being impressed
ㄷ-irregular
Change ㄷ to ㄹ Example: 듣다 => 들어요, 걷다 => 걸어요 Execeptions: - 받다 (receive) - 닫다 (close) - 믿다 (believe, trust) - 묻다 (bury)
ㅅ-irregular
Drop ㅅ if ending start with a vowel. Example: 낫다 (to heal) => 나아요 Exceptions: - 웃다 (smile, laugh) - 씻다 (wash) - 벗다 (take off clothes)
The more A the more B
A(으)ㄹ수록 B
Emphasis: A면 A(으)ㄹ수록 B
A(으)ㄹ수록 B
The more A the more B
Future tense, I want to, Do you want to?
-(으)ㄹ래요
-(으)ㄹ래요
Future tense, I want to, Do you want to?
It can’t be …, It’s impossible that …
-(으)ㄹ 리가 없어요
리 means “reason” or “logic” and can be found in the words 이유 (reason) and 논리 (logic)
-(으)ㄹ 리가 없어요
It can’t be …, It’s impossible that …
Talking about common knowledge
-지요 / -죠
Or asking yourself a question (in 반말)
-지요 / -죠
Talking about common knowledge
It’s okay. I’m okay.
괜찮아요
From
괜하다 = it’s pointless
괜하지 않다 –> 괜치 않다 –> 괜찮다
괜찮아요
It’s okay. I’m okay.
It’s okay to…
- 아/어도 돼요 (되다)
- 되다 = to function, be possible, can do
- 도 = also, too
-아/어도 돼요
It’s okay to…
You shouldn’t…, You’re not supposed to…
-(으)면 안 되다
-(으)면 안 되다
You shouldn’t…, You’re not supposed to…
Between (options) A and B
A하고 B 중에서
중에서
Between (options)
Among
사이에서
사이에서
Among
Anybody, Anything, Anywhere
Anybody 아무나, 아무도 (negative)
Anything 아무거나, 아무것도 (negative)
Anywhere 아무데나, 아무데도 (negative)
아무나
Anybody
아무도
Anybody (negative)
아무거나
Anything
아무것도
Anything (negative)
아무데나
Anywhere
아무데도
Anywhere (negative)
To try doing something
verb stem + -아/어 보다
-아/어 보다
To try doing something
- sometimes
- often
- always (written / spoken)
- seldom; rarely
- not at all
- almost not at all
- 가끔 = sometimes
- 자주 = often
- 항상 = always [more common in written language]
- 맨날 = (lit. everyday,) always; all the time [more common in spoken language]
- 별로 = seldom; rarely
- 전혀 = not at all
- 거의 = almost not at all
가끔
sometimes
자주
often
항상
always
맨날
always (all the time)
별로
rarely
전혀
not at all
거의
almost not at all
Anytime
아무 때나
Not a word
아무 말도
To nobody
아무한테도
아무 때나
Anytime
아무 말도
Not a word
아무한테도
To nobody
Much (more)
훨씬
Can drop the 더 in 훨씬 더 (but obviously not for 훨씬 덜)
훨씬
Much (more)
Noun groups:
- A NOUN that VERB or
- a NOUN that someone is VERB
Past, present and future tense
Past: VERB(으)ㄴ NOUN
Present: VERB는 NOUN
Future: VERB(으)ㄹ NOUN
I think … (not 생각하다)
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
-(으)ㄴ 것 같다
I think that … happened
-는 것 같다
I think that …
-(으)ㄹ 것 같다
I think that … will happen
To become (adjective)
(adjective)-아/어지다
-아/어지다
To become (adjective)
To gradually/eventually get to do something
-게 되다
-게 = in such a way that … / so that …
되다 = to become
