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Talk to me in Korean > TTMIK grammar lessons (level 3 & 4) > Flashcards

TTMIK grammar lessons (level 3 & 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Verb and Verb

A

Verb stem-고 verb

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2
Q

Shall we / I wonder?

A

-(으)ㄹ까요

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3
Q

-(으)ㄹ까요

A

Shall we / I wonder? Expressing uncertainty

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4
Q

Approximately, About

A

쯤 (after word)
정도 (after word)
약 (before word)

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5
Q

쯤

A

Approximately

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6
Q

정도

A

About (approximately)

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7
Q

약

A

About (approximately)

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8
Q

Future tense in reaction or as a result of something

A

(으)ㄹ게요

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9
Q

(으)ㄹ게요

A

Future tense in reaction or as a result of something

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10
Q

Cause + effect
Action + follow up action
Action + purpose/plan after the action

A

A서 B

Shorthand of A 그래서 B

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11
Q

A서 B

A

Cause + effect
Action + follow up action
Action + purpose/plan after the action
Shorthand of A 그래서 B

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12
Q

To look/seem like, I think it is

  • nouns
  • verbs
A
  • 같아요

- -는 것 같아요 (past: -(으)ㄴ, future: -(으)ㄹ)

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13
Q

같아요

A

To look/seem like, I think (nouns)

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14
Q

Before (noun)

Before (verb)

A

(noun) 전에

(verb) 기 전에

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15
Q

전에

A

Before

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16
Q

ㅂ-irregular

A 
If vowel is 오, change ㅂ to 오,
otherwise change ㅂ to 우.
Only when suffix starts with a vowel (so not for -는 or -고).
Exceptions:
- 입다 = to wear
- 잡다 = to catch
- 씹다 = to bite
- 좁다 to be narrow
- 넓다 = to be wide
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17
Q

But still, nevertheless

A

그래도

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18
Q

그래도

A

But still, nevertheless

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19
Q

Turning verbs into adjectives

A
  • Descriptive: -(으)ㄴ
  • Action (present): -는
  • Action (past): -(으)ㄴ
  • Action (future): (으)ㄹ
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20
Q

In that case, if so

A

그러면

그럼 (shorter)

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21
Q

그러면

A

In that case, if so

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22
Q

그럼

A

In that case, if so

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23
Q

In order for, for the sake of

A

위해 / 위해서 (위하다)
noun를 휘해서
verb기 휘해서

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24
Q

위해서

A

In order for, for the sake of

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25
Q

Nothing but, only

A

밖에 +negative verb (밖에 = outside)
Ex: 먹을 것은 밥밖에 없어요
There is nothing but rice to eat

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26
Q

밖에 +negative verb

A

Nothing but, only

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27
Q

밖에

A

Outside

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28
Q

After doing something

A 
-(으)ㄴ 다음에
(Verb in past tense noun form)
Also
- 후에 (오후 = afternoon)
- 뒤에 (behind)
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29
Q

-(으)ㄴ 다음에

A

After doing something

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30
Q

Even if, even though

A

-아/어도 (shorter form of 그래도)

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31
Q

-아/어도

A

Even if, even though

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32
Q

Verb ending for

  1. Explaining background / context
  2. Showing surprise
  3. Expecting response / explanation
A

Action verb -는데

Descriptive verb -(으)ㄴ데

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33
Q

Action verb -는데

Descriptive verb -(으)ㄴ데

A

Verb ending for

  1. Explaining background / context
  2. Showing surprise
  3. Expecting response / explanation
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34
Q

Maybe I might

A

-(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요

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35
Q

-(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요

A

Maybe I might

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36
Q

르-irregular

Example: 고르다

A

Change 르 to ㄹ and add extra ㄹ.

고르다 (to choose) => 골라요

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37
Q

Verb ending to express surprise or being impressed

A

-네요

맛있네요 - that’s surprisingly delicious!

38
Q

-네요

A

Verb ending to express surprise or being impressed

39
Q

ㄷ-irregular

A 
Change ㄷ to ㄹ
Example: 듣다 => 들어요, 걷다 => 걸어요
Execeptions: 
- 받다 (receive)
- 닫다 (close)
- 믿다 (believe, trust)
- 묻다 (bury)
40
Q

ㅅ-irregular

A 
Drop ㅅ if ending start with a vowel.
Example: 낫다 (to heal) => 나아요
Exceptions:
- 웃다 (smile, laugh)
- 씻다 (wash)
- 벗다 (take off clothes)
41
Q

The more A the more B

A

A(으)ㄹ수록 B

Emphasis: A면 A(으)ㄹ수록 B

42
Q

A(으)ㄹ수록 B

A

The more A the more B

43
Q

Future tense, I want to, Do you want to?

A

-(으)ㄹ래요

44
Q

-(으)ㄹ래요

A

Future tense, I want to, Do you want to?

45
Q

It can’t be …, It’s impossible that …

A

-(으)ㄹ 리가 없어요

리 means “reason” or “logic” and can be found in the words 이유 (reason) and 논리 (logic)

46
Q

-(으)ㄹ 리가 없어요

A

It can’t be …, It’s impossible that …

47
Q

Talking about common knowledge

A

-지요 / -죠

Or asking yourself a question (in 반말)

48
Q

-지요 / -죠

A

Talking about common knowledge

49
Q

It’s okay. I’m okay.

A

괜찮아요
From
괜하다 = it’s pointless
괜하지 않다 –> 괜치 않다 –> 괜찮다

50
Q

괜찮아요

A

It’s okay. I’m okay.

51
Q

It’s okay to…

A
  • 아/어도 돼요 (되다)
  • 되다 = to function, be possible, can do
  • 도 = also, too
52
Q

-아/어도 돼요

A

It’s okay to…

53
Q

You shouldn’t…, You’re not supposed to…

A

-(으)면 안 되다

54
Q

-(으)면 안 되다

A

You shouldn’t…, You’re not supposed to…

55
Q

Between (options) A and B

A

A하고 B 중에서

56
Q

중에서

A

Between (options)

57
Q

Among

A

사이에서

58
Q

사이에서

A

Among

59
Q

Anybody, Anything, Anywhere

A

Anybody 아무나, 아무도 (negative)
Anything 아무거나, 아무것도 (negative)
Anywhere 아무데나, 아무데도 (negative)

60
Q

아무나

A

Anybody

61
Q

아무도

A

Anybody (negative)

62
Q

아무거나

A

Anything

63
Q

아무것도

A

Anything (negative)

64
Q

아무데나

A

Anywhere

65
Q

아무데도

A

Anywhere (negative)

66
Q

To try doing something

A

verb stem + -아/어 보다

67
Q

-아/어 보다

A

To try doing something

68
Q
  • sometimes
  • often
  • always (written / spoken)
  • seldom; rarely
  • not at all
  • almost not at all
A
  • 가끔 = sometimes
  • 자주 = often
  • 항상 = always [more common in written language]
  • 맨날 = (lit. everyday,) always; all the time [more common in spoken language]
  • 별로 = seldom; rarely
  • 전혀 = not at all
  • 거의 = almost not at all
69
Q

가끔

A

sometimes

70
Q

자주

A

often

71
Q

항상

A

always

72
Q

맨날

A

always (all the time)

73
Q

별로

A

rarely

74
Q

전혀

A

not at all

75
Q

거의

A

almost not at all

76
Q

Anytime

A

아무 때나

77
Q

Not a word

A

아무 말도

78
Q

To nobody

A

아무한테도

79
Q

아무 때나

A

Anytime

80
Q

아무 말도

A

Not a word

81
Q

아무한테도

A

To nobody

82
Q

Much (more)

A

훨씬

Can drop the 더 in 훨씬 더 (but obviously not for 훨씬 덜)

83
Q

훨씬

A

Much (more)

84
Q

Noun groups:
- A NOUN that VERB or
- a NOUN that someone is VERB
Past, present and future tense

A

Past: VERB(으)ㄴ NOUN
Present: VERB는 NOUN
Future: VERB(으)ㄹ NOUN

85
Q

I think … (not 생각하다)

A

-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다

86
Q

-(으)ㄴ 것 같다

A

I think that … happened

87
Q

-는 것 같다

A

I think that …

88
Q

-(으)ㄹ 것 같다

A

I think that … will happen

89
Q

To become (adjective)

A

(adjective)-아/어지다

90
Q

-아/어지다

A

To become (adjective)

91
Q

To gradually/eventually get to do something

A

-게 되다
-게 = in such a way that … / so that …
되다 = to become

Talk to me in Korean (5 decks)

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