TTMIK Grammar Lesson 5 Flashcards
Almost did something
-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다
But almost always used in past tense:
-(으)ㄹ 뻔했어요
-(으)ㄹ 뻔했어요
Almost did something
Good work
수고 - effort, trouble
수고하세요 - keep up the good work
수고하셨습니다 - well done / good job
수고하세요
keep up the good work
수고하셨습니다
good job
I guess / I assume
-나 보다 (action verbs)
-(으)ㄴ가 보다 (descriptive verbs)
Past tense: -었나 보다 (both action and descriptive)
-나 보다
I guess / I assume (action verbs)
-(으)ㄴ가 보다
I guess / I assume (descriptive verbs)
As soon as …
-자마자 Example 집에 오자마자 잠들었어요. = I fell asleep as soon as I came home. (잠들다 = to fall asleep)
-자마자
As soon as ... Example 집에 오자마자 잠들었어요. = I fell asleep as soon as I came home. (잠들다 = to fall asleep)
It is about to …, I am planning to …
-(으)려고 하다
Review
1. 할 거예요 = I’m going to do; I will do (plain future tense)
- 할게요 = I’m going to do … what do you think? (looking for the other person’s reaction)
- 할래요 = I want to do; I’m going to do (showing determined intention)
- 할까요 = Shall we, do you want to?
Example
어제 친구 만나려고 했는데, 못 만났어요.
I was going to meet a friend yesterday, but I couldn’t meet her.
-(으)려고 하다
It is about to …, I am planning to …
Example
어제 친구 만나려고 했는데, 못 만났어요.
I was going to meet a friend yesterday, but I couldn’t meet her.
While I was doing / and then
-다가
Example
집에 오다가 친구를 만났어요.
= On my way home, I met a friend.
-다가
While I was doing / and then
Example
집에 오다가 친구를 만났어요.
= On my way home, I met a friend.
To say that something is NOUN
NOUN-(이)라고 하다
or other speech verbs like 말하다, 이야기하다, or 대답하다 (to answer)
Example
뭐라고 했어요? What did you say?
-(이)라고 하다
To say that something is NOUN
Example
뭐라고 했어요? What did you say?
Someone that is called ABC / Someone who says they are XYZ
-(이)라는
Shortened from -(이)라고 하는
Example: 학생이라는 사람
-(이)라는
Someone that is called ABC / Someone who says they are XYZ
Since, Because, As (not -아/어서)
-(으)니까
Same as -어서, but can be used with imperative or suggestions (let’s), where -어서 cannot be used. Cannot be used when the effect is your feelings or reaction.
Example:
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요.
I am busy now, so call me later.
-(으)니까
Since, Because, As
Same as -어서, but can be used with imperative or suggestions (let’s), where -어서 cannot be used. Cannot be used when the effect is your feelings or reaction.
Example:
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요.
I am busy now, so call me later.
At least, Instead, It might not be the best but…
- (이)라도
1. Something is suggested but is not the best out of all choices
2. “Any choice is fine” (when used after 아무 (any), 누구 (who), 어디 (where), 언제 (when), or 어느 (which))
3. Emphasis on number of quantity with the addition of “even/just” (when used after certain adverbs or words which describe a number or quantity)
4. Expressing suspicion/speculation about a certain possibility
Example:
그거라도 주세요.
= Give me that (if you do not have anything better/else).
-(이)라도
- Something is suggested but is not the best out of all choices
- “Any choice is fine” (when used after 아무 (any), 누구 (who), 어디 (where), 언제 (when), or 어느 (which))
- Emphasis on number of quantity with the addition of “even/just” (when used after certain adverbs or words which describe a number or quantity)
- Expressing suspicion/speculation about a certain possibility
Example:
그거라도 주세요.
= Give me that (if you do not have anything better/else).
Narrative Present Tense
-(ㄴ/는)다
Action verbs: -ㄴ/는다
Descriptive verbs: 다
Only used in 반말 or written language.
1. Showing reaction to a present situation. Ex: 이거 좋다!
2. Talking about a present action. Ex: 나 먼저 간다. = I’m leaving now (unless you stop me).
3. Narration (diary, documentary films, …)
-(ㄴ/는)다
Narrative Present Tense
Action verbs: -ㄴ/는다
Descriptive verbs: 다
Only used in 반말 or written language.
1. Showing reaction to a present situation. Ex: 이거 좋다!
2. Talking about a present action. Ex: 나 먼저 간다. = I’m leaving now (unless you stop me).
3. Narration (diary, documentary films, …)
