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Talk to me in Korean > TTMIK Grammar Lesson 5 > Flashcards

TTMIK Grammar Lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Almost did something

A

-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다
But almost always used in past tense:
-(으)ㄹ 뻔했어요

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2
Q

-(으)ㄹ 뻔했어요

A

Almost did something

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3
Q

Good work

A

수고 - effort, trouble
수고하세요 - keep up the good work
수고하셨습니다 - well done / good job

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4
Q

수고하세요

A

keep up the good work

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5
Q

수고하셨습니다

A

good job

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6
Q

I guess / I assume

A

-나 보다 (action verbs)
-(으)ㄴ가 보다 (descriptive verbs)
Past tense: -었나 보다 (both action and descriptive)

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7
Q

-나 보다

A

I guess / I assume (action verbs)

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8
Q

-(으)ㄴ가 보다

A

I guess / I assume (descriptive verbs)

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9
Q

As soon as …

A 
-자마자
Example
집에 오자마자 잠들었어요.
= I fell asleep as soon as I came home.
(잠들다 = to fall asleep)
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10
Q

-자마자

A 
As soon as ...
Example
집에 오자마자 잠들었어요.
= I fell asleep as soon as I came home.
(잠들다 = to fall asleep)
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11
Q

It is about to …, I am planning to …

A

-(으)려고 하다

Review
1. 할 거예요 = I’m going to do; I will do (plain future tense)

  1. 할게요 = I’m going to do … what do you think? (looking for the other person’s reaction)
  2. 할래요 = I want to do; I’m going to do (showing determined intention)
  3. 할까요 = Shall we, do you want to?

Example
어제 친구 만나려고 했는데, 못 만났어요.
I was going to meet a friend yesterday, but I couldn’t meet her.

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12
Q

-(으)려고 하다

A

It is about to …, I am planning to …

Example
어제 친구 만나려고 했는데, 못 만났어요.
I was going to meet a friend yesterday, but I couldn’t meet her.

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13
Q

While I was doing / and then

A

-다가
Example
집에 오다가 친구를 만났어요.
= On my way home, I met a friend.

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14
Q

-다가

A

While I was doing / and then
Example
집에 오다가 친구를 만났어요.
= On my way home, I met a friend.

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15
Q

To say that something is NOUN

A

NOUN-(이)라고 하다
or other speech verbs like 말하다, 이야기하다, or 대답하다 (to answer)
Example
뭐라고 했어요? What did you say?

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16
Q

-(이)라고 하다

A

To say that something is NOUN
Example
뭐라고 했어요? What did you say?

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17
Q

Someone that is called ABC / Someone who says they are XYZ

A

-(이)라는
Shortened from -(이)라고 하는
Example: 학생이라는 사람

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18
Q

-(이)라는

A

Someone that is called ABC / Someone who says they are XYZ

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19
Q

Since, Because, As (not -아/어서)

A

-(으)니까
Same as -어서, but can be used with imperative or suggestions (let’s), where -어서 cannot be used. Cannot be used when the effect is your feelings or reaction.

Example:
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요.
I am busy now, so call me later.

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20
Q

-(으)니까

A

Since, Because, As

Same as -어서, but can be used with imperative or suggestions (let’s), where -어서 cannot be used. Cannot be used when the effect is your feelings or reaction.

Example:
지금 바쁘니까 나중에 전화해 주세요.
I am busy now, so call me later.

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21
Q

At least, Instead, It might not be the best but…

A
  • (이)라도
    1. Something is suggested but is not the best out of all choices
    2. “Any choice is fine” (when used after 아무 (any), 누구 (who), 어디 (where), 언제 (when), or 어느 (which))
    3. Emphasis on number of quantity with the addition of “even/just” (when used after certain adverbs or words which describe a number or quantity)
    4. Expressing suspicion/speculation about a certain possibility

Example:
그거라도 주세요.
= Give me that (if you do not have anything better/else).

22
Q

-(이)라도

A
  1. Something is suggested but is not the best out of all choices
  2. “Any choice is fine” (when used after 아무 (any), 누구 (who), 어디 (where), 언제 (when), or 어느 (which))
  3. Emphasis on number of quantity with the addition of “even/just” (when used after certain adverbs or words which describe a number or quantity)
  4. Expressing suspicion/speculation about a certain possibility

Example:
그거라도 주세요.
= Give me that (if you do not have anything better/else).

23
Q

Narrative Present Tense

A

-(ㄴ/는)다
Action verbs: -ㄴ/는다
Descriptive verbs: 다
Only used in 반말 or written language.
1. Showing reaction to a present situation. Ex: 이거 좋다!
2. Talking about a present action. Ex: 나 먼저 간다. = I’m leaving now (unless you stop me).
3. Narration (diary, documentary films, …)

24
Q

-(ㄴ/는)다

A

Narrative Present Tense
Action verbs: -ㄴ/는다
Descriptive verbs: 다
Only used in 반말 or written language.
1. Showing reaction to a present situation. Ex: 이거 좋다!
2. Talking about a present action. Ex: 나 먼저 간다. = I’m leaving now (unless you stop me).
3. Narration (diary, documentary films, …)

25
Q
  1. To say that someone/something does something

2. Something/someone saying that something does something

A
  1. verb stem-(ㄴ/는)다고 하다 (or speaking related verb)
  2. verb stem-(ㄴ/는)다는 (shortening of 는다고 하는)

Example 1
이거 재미있다고 들었어요 = I heard that this is fun.

Example 2
비가 온다는 이야기 = a story in which someone says that it rains

26
Q

-(ㄴ/는)다고 하다

A

To say that someone/something does something

Example
이거 재미있다고 들었어요 = I heard that this is fun.

27
Q

-(ㄴ/는)다는

A

Something/someone saying that something does something

Shortening of 는다고 하는

Example
비가 온다는 이야기 = a story in which someone says that it rains

28
Q

Whether or not

A

Action verbs: 는지
Descriptive verbs: -(으)ㄴ지

Also added to 누구, 어디, etc to end a mid-sentence question.

Examples:

  1. 문제가 있는지 물어보세요. Ask if there is a problem.
  2. 이거 뭔지 알아요? Do you know what this is? (뭔지 short for 뭐인지 = 뭐이다 + ㄴ지)
29
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는지

A

Whether or not

Action verbs: 는지
Descriptive verbs: -(으)ㄴ지
Also added to 누구, 어디, etc to end a mid-sentence question.
Examples:
1. 문제가 있는지 물어보세요. Ask if there is a problem.
2. 이거 뭔지 알아요? Do you know what this is? (뭔지 short for 뭐인지 = 뭐이다 + ㄴ지)

30
Q

To tell someone to do something

A

Verb + -(으)라고 + Verb

Examples
조용히 하라고 말해 주세요.
= Please tell them to be quiet.

걱정하지 말라고 했어요.
= They told me not to worry.

31
Q

-(으)라고

A

To tell someone to do something

Examples
조용히 하라고 말해 주세요.
= Please tell them to be quiet.

걱정하지 말라고 했어요.
= They told me not to worry.

32
Q

이걸

A

Contraction of 이거를.

Works for most words (ending in vowel) in spoken language and very common words (여길, 절, ..) in written language.

33
Q

It seems like … / I assume … (future action)

A

-(으)려나 보다

Combination of

  • (으)려고 하다 (to plan to do something)
  • -나 보다 (to assume something happened)

Only used of someones intentions (or the weather). Weaker than -(으)ㄹ 것 같다.

Example
지금 시작하려나 봐요.
= It looks like they are going to start now.

34
Q

-(으)려나 보다

A

It seems like … / I assume … (future action)

Combination of

  • (으)려고 하다 (to plan to do something)
  • -나 보다 (to assume something happened)

Only used of someones intentions (or the weather). Weaker than -(으)ㄹ 것 같다.

Example
지금 시작하려나 봐요.
= It looks like they are going to start now.

35
Q

Not A But B. Don’t do THIS but do THAT

A

A 말고 B
THIS지 말고 THAT

From 말다 (as in 하지 마세요) and 그리고.

Examples
우유 말고 커피 주세요.
= Give me coffee NOT milk.

걱정하지 말고 그냥 해 봐요.
= Don’t worry and just give it a try. (그냥 = just)

36
Q

말고, -지 말고

A

Not A But B. Don’t do THIS but do THAT

From 말다 (as in 하지 마세요) and 그리고.

Examples
우유 말고 커피 주세요.
= Give me coffee NOT milk.

걱정하지 말고 그냥 해 봐요.
= Don’t worry and just give it a try. (그냥 = just)

37
Q

Somewhat, relatively

A

-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다

Descriptive verbs: -(으)ㄴ
Action verbs: -는

On the … side (편 = side)

Examples:
작은 편이에요. = It’s rather small.
피아노를 잘 치는 편이에요. = I play the piano rather well.
(치다 = to hit)

38
Q

-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다

A

To be rather X, to be on the X side.

Descriptive verbs: -(으)ㄴ
Action verbs: -는

On the … side (편 = side)

Examples:
작은 편이에요. = It’s rather small.
피아노를 잘 치는 편이에요. = I play the piano rather well.
(치다 = to hit)

39
Q

Compared to

A
  • 에 비해서
  • 에 비해면 (if compared to)

From 비교 = comparison.

Examples:
저에 비하면 잘하는 편이에요.
= If you compare to me, you are pretty good at it.

그래도 버스에 비해서 지하철이 빠른 편이에요.
= But still, compared to the bus, the subway is faster.

40
Q
  • 에 비해서

- 에 비해면

A

(If) compared to

From 비교 = comparison.

Examples:
저에 비하면 잘하는 편이에요.
= If you compare to me, you are pretty good at it.

그래도 버스에 비해서 지하철이 빠른 편이에요.
= But still, compared to the bus, the subway is faster.

41
Q

Instead of …

A

대신에 (nouns)
-는 대신에 (verbs)

After the thing being replaced.

With verbs can also mean “in return”.

The 에 particle is often dropped.

Examples:
저 대신에 해 줄 수 있어요?
= Can you do it for me instead of me?

42
Q

대신에

A

Instead of

-는 대신에 with verbs.

After the thing being replaced.

With verbs can also mean “in return”.

The 에 particle is often dropped.

Examples:
저 대신에 해 줄 수 있어요?
= Can you do it for me instead of me?

43
Q

To have no other choice but to…

A

-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다

Combination of
-(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 = it’s possible to …
벆에 없다 = nothing but

Example:
미안하지만 이렇게 할 수밖에 없어요.
= I am sorry, but I have to do it this way.

44
Q

-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다

A

To have no other choice but to…

Combination of
-(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 = it’s possible to …
벆에 없다 = nothing but

Example:
미안하지만 이렇게 할 수밖에 없어요.
= I am sorry, but I have to do it this way.

45
Q

You know, Isn’t it, You see…, Come on…, No, it’s…

A

-잖아요

Originally from -지 않아요 (which has the opposite meaning).

Can be used to correct someone or insist that what you said is true, or to provide an excuse for something.

Example:
어제 말했잖아요.
= I told you yesterday! (Don’t you remember?)

46
Q

-잖아요

A

You know, Isn’t it, You see…, Come on…, No, it’s…

Originally from -지 않아요 (which has the opposite meaning).

Can be used to correct someone or insist that what you said is true, or to provide an excuse for something.

Example:
어제 말했잖아요.
= I told you yesterday! (Don’t you remember?)

47
Q

Quoting past tense

A

-았/었다고 하다 / 말하다 / 듣다 / etc

Example
어제 그 영화 봤다고 했어요?
= Did you say that you saw that movie yesterday?

48
Q

Quoting future tense

A

-(으)ㄹ 거라고 하다 / 말하다 / 듣다 / etc

Example
그 사람은 내일 다시 올 거라고 했어요.
= He said he would come again tomorrow.

49
Q

-았/었다고 하다

A

Quoting past tense statement

Example
어제 그 영화 봤다고 했어요?
= Did you say that you saw that movie yesterday?

50
Q

(으)ㄹ 거라고 하다

A

Quoting future tense statement

Example
그 사람은 내일 다시 올 거라고 했어요.
= He said he would come again tomorrow.

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