Tsarists Russia and 1905 revolution Flashcards
What were the three key systems of government in tsarist Russia, and their function?
State Council of Imperial Russia, personal advisors personally appointed. The Cabinet of Ministers, personally appointed, worked separately. Senate; transforms the will of the Tsar into law.
What were punishments for political protest?
Censorship, imprisonment, exile.
Who were the Union of Russian People?
Monarchists who supported the persecution of Jews.
What were the two police forces?
Okhrana, secret police. Standard police force for general law and order.
Approximately how many people worked in the zemstvos and what were they called?
70,000, Third Element
Who were the little tsars and how did they come about?
Land captains brought about to curb the liberalism of the zemstvos. Executive and judicial power over peasants, could interfere and abuse the peasantry.
How did John Bite describe Nicholas II?
Had a “weakness of will” and was “poorly educated, narrow in intellectual horizons, a wretchedly bad judge of people, isolated from Russian society.”
How did modernisation of the Tsars have a negative impact on the people?
Rising price, taxes, interest rates.
How many military suppressed industrial strikes were there in 1893 and then in 1902?
19, to 522
What was the Russification program and did it work?
An attempt by the government to get people in Russia to seem themselves in Russians. This did not particularly work, rather led to the persecution of ethnic minorities and led to backlash.
What were pogroms?
Violent killings in 1905-6 of non-Russians in major cities by groups like Union of Russian Men and Black Hundred gangs.
Who were the Socialist Revolutionaries?
Led by Viktor Chernov and Alexander Kerensky. Fought for land ownership for peasants, violence to overthrow the tsar. Largest revolutionary group.
Maximalists, left faction: Socialism, terrorism, assassinating bourgeoisie.
Revolutionaries, right faction: Moderate, cooperative.
Who were the Social Democratic Workers Party?
Marxists, supported by industrial working class. Believed Russia was in position for revolution with growing industrial class.
What did Lenin assert in the What is to be Done 1902 paper?
..the more we confine the membership of such an organisation to people who are professionally engaged in revolutionary activity… the more difficult will it be to wipe out such an organisation.”
Who were the Narodniks (Populists)?
Established and active in the 1870s, led by middle and upper classes, peasant based revolution, attempted to educate the masses, assassinated Alexander II in 1881 by the Peoples Will, evolved into the Socialist Revolutionary Party.
