Stolypin Flashcards
Problems of the rural economy up to 1906
Over 90% of the population lived in small villages
Very little fertile soil which suffered from drought and extreme temperate, only fertile soil In Ukraine
Lack of machinery and quick methods, led to low and unpredictable yields
peasant discontent in 1905 was apparent
Polices before Stolypin was being put in place
Land banks
Getting rid of poll tax
Encouraging peasant to go to Siberia
Didn’t work as still peasants still stuck in the pass
Stolypin
From an autocratic family
Youngest governor in 1902
Land owner and hardliner
prime minster in 1906
Believed in repression first
put pressure on unions and newspapers, 600 union closed and 1000 newspapers failed to publish between 1906-12
Assassination dropped considerably credit to Stolypin
Dissolved the Dumas if they become to radicle
Changed the voting law inn 1907
Any discontent crushed increased Russia stability which allowed hi to carry out Agrarian reform
ASSIANTED I 1911 AFTER HIS DEATH THE AGRARIAN REFORMS STALLED
Stolypin’s Agrarian reforms
De revolutionise the peasantry
satisfying land hunger
Outstanding payment for peasant cancelled
Provided more peasants with the opportunity to become Kulaks (Wealthy peasants)
Got rid of the Mires
Introduced the Agrarian format 1906- which allowed peasants to leave the mires,, separate their land for the commune
Land bank approved in 1910 by the Duma too help peasants allow by land
Wanted to encourage peasant to move to Siberia
The Effects of the reforms
Free peasants had the opportunity to invest in there land, Individuals owing their own land went up from 20% to 50% between 1905-14
3.5 million peasants went to Siberia which led to more agricultural output more stable food supply
Stolypin relationship with the Duma
Wanted to create a coalition off support with the Duma as well as making sure it was complanate
2nd Duma opposed Agrarian reforms so he dissolved them
3rd Duma worked with him
Stolypin’s policy of repression and land reform
Stolypin established military tribunals as a policy of repression
He proposed public execution of thousands to suppress ongoing revolutionary activity.
He convicted 16,500 people of political crimes and 3,500 of them to a death sentence.
As a result, political assassinations dropped to 365 in 1908 compared to 1,200 in 1907.
When the first 2 Dumas refused to pass the Tsar’s legislation, he advised the Tsar to dissolve them.
In 1907, he changed the franchise to prevent the poor from voting for the third and fourth dumas.
Suspended voting in areas where the population had not reach civic development lead to fewer representatives from the lower classes, ie. peasants, urban wokers.
This created Dumas who were more obedient towards the Tsar.
With the peasants excluded from voting, thus eliminates 78% of the population as the peasants formed the majority.
This encouraged the autocratic regime to continue on as the upperclass would vote for a Duma from the nobility without opposition.
Stolypin carried out land reforms such as breaking up the Mires and setting up a peasants bank.
The peasant bank enabled the poor to purchase land for agriculture.
This benefitted about 15% of the peasants who established larger and more productive farms.
Other peasants sold their land and ended up in the cities, which increased industrial work force.
He abolished redemption payments which reduced the burden of peasants.
By 1915, 50% of the peasants had ownership of land.
Agricultural production raised from 46 tonnes in 1906 to 61 tonnes in 1913.
How successful was Stolypin?
Censorship broke October manifesto
First 2 Dumas were radical, demanding reforms
Third duma election was rigged
new bank loans for peasants created Kulaks
Peasants didn’t get Siberian land
Industrial production increased
1 out of 4 people was still a peasant
only 10% left the Mire
Agriculture still behind
Stolypin’s reforms were to slow to bring stability shown by Lana gold filed incident
Strikes in 1912 became more political motivated
