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Civil war Flashcards

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1
Q

When had Bolshevik forces seize control of Moscow?

A

2 November 1917

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2
Q

Which Cossack regions were hostile to the Bolshevik government?

A

Don, Kuban, Ukraine.

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3
Q

What did General Alekseev do in December 1917?

A

Began recruiting Volunteer Army of former tsarist officers.
Based in Ukraine.
Attracked Cossack forces.
General Kornilov becomes involved.

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4
Q

Why did Kadet politicians join the White resistance?

A

Appalled by the Treaty of BL.

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5
Q

How many soldiers were in the Czech legion?

A

40 000

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6
Q

Why did fights break out between the Czech Legion and Red Army?

A

Large presence of armed men antagonised locals. Czechs were incensed by Bolsheviks demands that they disarm.

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7
Q

What occurred on 22 May 1918?

A

The Czech Legion defeated local military forces and overthrew regional Soviet authorities.

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8
Q

How did C.Legion create motivation for other groups to organise against Bolsheviks

A

Using the Trans-Siberian railway to overthrow Soviet forces in various regions.

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9
Q

When was Ekaterinodar sieged, and by who?

A

10 April 1918. Volunteer army.

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10
Q

What did the Volunteer Army do in May 1918?

A

Takes control of Novocherkassk aided by Cossacks and Germans.

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11
Q

When did White Armies capture Ekaterinodar?

A

18 August 1918

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12
Q

When was the Red Army counter offensive against White Armies? When were remaining forces of Volunteer Army evacuated?

A

October 1919.

March 1920.

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13
Q

Who were the groups who joined the White Army?

A

Monarchists, patriots (angered by treaty of BL), republicans, bourgeoisie and upper classes, minorities (such as Cossacks_).

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14
Q

Who were the most dangerous threats to the Bolsheviks in late 1918?

A

Armed Forces of South Russia
Kolchak’s Siberian Forces
North-Western Army
Foreign Interventionists.

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15
Q

Who took control of the SR government in November 1918?

A

War Minister, Admiral Kolchack.

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16
Q

Who was the North-Western Army led by? Where were they based? When did they form?

A

General Yudenich. Baltic regions. October 1918.

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17
Q

When did the North-Western White Army launch their two campaigns against Petrograd? Who were they defeated by?
How many men did they have at their peak?

A

May and November 1919.
Trotsky.
14 400 men.

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18
Q

Who were the Foreign Interventionists?

A

Germans, Britons, Americans, france, japan

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19
Q

What did British and Commonwealth troops do in March 1918? Under who’s command?

A

Take control of northern port cities; Murmansk and Archangel.
General Miller.

20
Q

When did Japanese forces land in Vladivostok? Who were the joined by, and when?

A

April 1918.

Joined by American and British troops in August 1918.

21
Q

Who did British and French navies offer their support to around the Black Sea?

A

Denikin in the Black Sea.

22
Q

Why were the Allies funding Whites?

A

Wanted Russia to re-enter the war with Germany after the Treaty of BL.
Ideologically opposed.
Sovnarkom had nationalised numerous foreign owned industries.
Annulled foreign loans worth millions of roubles.

23
Q

When did Japan send 70 000 soldiers into eastern Siberia?

A

November 1918.

24
Q

Why did the Polish go to war against Russia?

A

Wanted to expand territory by invading Ukraine in April 1920.

25
Q

When did Soviet government decide to switch to offence?

A

After Poles captured Kiev, and the Red Army pushed them back, almost reaching Warsaw.

26
Q

When was the Battle of Warsaw? What was the outcome?

A

15-25 August 1920. Red Army forced to retreat.

27
Q

When was an armistice negotiated between Poland and the Russian forces?

A

October 1920

28
Q

Who were the Green Armies?

A

Pesant partisans against both Reds and Whites.

Led by anarchist Nestor Mahkno.

29
Q

What was the impact of ideologies in the civil war?

A 
Bolsheviks and Red Army had a more united sense of purpose and political vision than their opponents; believed that class war against bourgeoisie and exploitative kulaks, a patriotic defence.
Drew on rhetoric of class struggle and promise of equitable society.
30
Q

How many men did the Red Army have at the end of 1918? How many did they have in 1920? Under whose leadership did this occur?

A

500 000.
5 million.
Trotsky.

31
Q

What were the disciplinary policies Trotsky introduced into the Army?

A

Death penalty for a variety of offenses.

Red Army soldiers swore a socialist oath of loyalty where they promised to follow commands of their leaders.

32
Q

Death penalty for a variety of offenses.

Red Army soldiers swore a socialist oath of loyalty where they promised to follow commands of their leaders.

A

Quick to praise and reward those who performed their duties.
Decisive.
Inspired respect through his speeches.
Expected dedication however had little time for those he considered unintelligent.

33
Q

What were key aspects of White Army weaknesses?

A

Corruption was rife among lower ranks, Cossacks did not want to leave their homelands, they were not united, could not inspire peasants or urban workers, restored the rights of landlords and punished peasants, could not offer alternatives.

34
Q

What occurred on 30 August 1918?

A

Lenin is shot and wounded by an SR.

35
Q

When was Tsar Nicholas II and his family executed?

A

17 July 1918

36
Q

What were elements of the White Terror?

A

Nailed communists to trees, trade unionists murdered, Pogroms against Jewish communities continues.

37
Q

How many Jews were murdered in Ukraine by the Whites?

A

100 000

38
Q

What caused famine during the war?

A

Requisiton of grain

39
Q

How did peasants respond to requisitioning?

A

Armed resistance, stopped producing surplus grain.

40
Q

How long did the famine in Russia last for?

A

1921-22

41
Q

How many Civil War fatalities died from starvation?

What were other impacts of the famine?

A

5 million.
Crime and prostitution increase.
Millions of children orphaned or abandoned.
Typhus and cholera.

42
Q

When did Bolsheviks accept aid from foreign governments?

A

1921

43
Q

How much did Petrograd’s and Moscow’s population fall by in 1920?

A

70%.

50%.

44
Q

What was the effect of the decrease of workers in Petrograd and Moscow?

A

Large scale production falls to 13% of pre war level.
Steel output is 4% of 1913 levels.
Iron ore production at 1.5% of pre-war level.
Copper production ceased.

45
Q

What tasks did the Cheka take on following Dzershinksy’s leadership?

A

Border control, overseeing labour conscription, fuel procurement, espionage, exposing corruption, policing crime, coordinating epidemic and famine relief.

46
Q

What else was Dzershinsky known for?

A

Founded Soviet Russia’s largest child welfare agency.

Numerous homes for orphans were built from the proceeds of voluntary deductions from Chekist’s salaries.

history Russia (23 decks)

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