TSAC Practical Exam #1 Flashcards
How do you locate C2 Spinous Process
First major bony prominence coming down from the EOP or base of occiput
How to locate C6 Spinous Process
Find C7 and and place finger above one and if it disappears its C6
How to locate C7 Spinous process
Flex your head forward and the it’s the most prominent vertebrae. Can be confirmed by locating C6 SP
How to locate T1 Spinous Process
To locate T1, find C7 and count down two more interspinous spaces to the T1-T2 interspinous space to locate T1
How to locate T3 Spinous Process
At the medial border of the spine of the scapula
How to locate T6 Spinous Process
At the inferior angle of the scapula in a PRONE position (LYING DOWN)
How to locate T7 Spinous Process
A the inferior angle of the scapular in a SEATED position
How to locate L4 Spinous Process
Find the Iliac Crest, come medially with your thumbs connecting and your on L4 OR level of L4/5 interspinous space
OR
T12 Spinous process down - find level of 12th rib, follow up to T12 attachment and work down
How to locate L5 Spinous Process
find L4 and go down one, it should be the last bony prominence before the S1
How to locate C2 Transverse Process
First locate the tip of the mastoid process.
The TP is located anteriorly and inferiorly to the mastoid process and on a line projected toward the angle of the mandible.
How to locate C6 Transverse Process
Find C7 and place finger above of C7 and if it disappears in extension motion its C6.
Move laterally (about 1 inch/2.5 cm) from the midline at the C6 level.
The Chassaignac’s tubercle (carotid tubercle) is a prominent part of the C6 transverse process, located just behind the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle
How to locate T1 Transverse process
The TP is one interspinous space above and approximately 2.5 cm lateral to the Spinous Process of T1
How to locate T3 Transverse process
The spine of the scapular aligns with T3, once on T3 SP, move one interspinous space above and approximately 2.5cm lateral to the Spinous Process of T3
How locate T6 Transverse Process
The TVP is two interspinous spaces and above approximately 2.5cm lateral to the spinous process of T6
How to locate T7 transverse process
T7 = the inferior angle of the scapula when in prone position.
The TVP is two interspinous spaces and above approximately 2.5cm lateral to the spinous process of T7
How to locate L4 (Mamillary Process)
To locate L4, find the iliac crest then the mamillary process is 1 spinous process space above and just lateral
How to locate L5 Mamillary process
to locate L5, find iliac crest, go down one then the mamillary process is 1 spinous process space above and just lateral
What is the mastoid process
The mastoid process is the bony prominence located just behind the ear
What is the External Occipital Protuberance (EOP)
The EOP is a bony prominence located at the back of the head above C1 - feels like a small bump
What is the Acromioclavicular Joint (ACJ)
The ACJ joint is a small synovial joint located between the acromion and the clavicle
What is the Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
The PSIS is the ‘dimples’ of the back of the upper part of the pelvis
PSIS is aligned with the S2
what is the spine of scapula
the spine of the scapula is a prominent bony ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula. runs horizontally across the upper scapula
T3 is aligned with the spine of scapula
What is the coracoid process
The coracoid process is a small hook like bony projection on the anterior surface of the scapula.
Perform a Active ROM on the cervical region
Practitioner may be side on to the patient or behind the patient.
Flexion:
Instruct them to bring there chin to their chest
Extension:
Then instruct them to look at to the celling as best as they can
lateral flexion:
Ask patient to bring there Left ear to there left shoulder and repeat on the right side
Rotation:
Ask patient to look over Left and the right shoulder
Perform a Passive ROM Cervical Region
Flexion:
Instruct them to bring their chin to their chest, then just apply a little extra pressure.
Extension:
Then instruct them to look at to the celling as best as they can, and then apply a little extra pressure
Lateral Flexion:
Ask patient to bring there Left ear to there left shoulder and repeat on the right side , then apply a little extra pressure
Rotation:
Ask patient to look over Left and the right shoulder, then add a little extra pressure
Perform a Active ROM thoracolumbar spine
Flexion:
Ask patient to bend forward as far as they can go
Extension:
Ask patient to lean back as far as is comfortable
Lateral Flexion:
Ask patient to slide down there arms down both side of the leg (if standing)
or
Ask patient to hug themselves and tilt to the left and right side
Rotation:
Ask patient to turn as far as is comfortable
instruct patient to return to centre before assessing other way
Perform a passive Thoracolumbar spine
Flexion:
Ask patient to bend forward as far as they can go, then add a little more pressure
Extension:
Ask patient to lean back as far as is comfortable, then add a little more pressure
Lateral Flexion:
Ask patient to slide down there arms down both side of the leg (if standing)
or
Ask patient to hug themselves and tilt to the left and right side, then adding more pressure
Rotation:
Ask patient to turn as far as is comfortable
instruct patient to return to centre before assessing other way, then adding more pressure
Perform a POSTERIOR postural assessment
- EOP
- Mastoid process
- ACJ
- Inferior angle of Scapula
- Bottom of rib cage
- Iliac crest
- PSIS
- Ischial Tuberosity
- greater trochanter
- Popliteal fossa
- Achillies
- Foot pronation/supination
Looking for any Symmetry, alignment, muscle tone, rashes, scar tissue , swelling
Perform a LATERAL postural assessment
- EAM
- ACJ
- Iliac Crest
- Greater Trochanter
- Lateral joint line of tibiofemeroal joint
- Lateral melleolus
Looking for any head carriage, pelvic tilt, hyperextension of knees, and any cervical lordosis or thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis
Cervical ROM angles
Flexion- 45-50
Extension - 60-75
Lateral flexion - 35-45
Rotation - 60-80
Thoracolumbar ROM
Flexion - 60-80
Extension - 20-35
Lateral Flexion - 25-35
Rotation - 30-45
