Lecture 5 Flashcards
End Play
The elastic resistance felt at the end of passive joint movement, where increasing resistance leads to the end-play zone, and the joint springs back when force is removed.
End Feel
- The feel, quality and resistance of the tissues you are palpating
- End feel is performed as palpation of structures once at their maximum range of motion
Joint Cavitations
The audible “popping” or “cracking” sound that can occur when joints are manipulated or moved, often caused by the rapid formation and collapse of small gas bubbles within the joint fluid
Joint Play
- Evaluation of a joints resistance to movement when it is in a neutral or loosely packed position with gentle shallow spinging motion.
What are we looking for in motion palpation?
- Restricted movement
- Excessive movement
- End play
- Pain
- Muscle spasm
What are we checking in motion palpation?
- The quantity and direction of movement
- The quality of movement in each direction
- Quality of end-feel within segmental levels.
What is the zone at the end of passive movement?
The end play zone
Elastic Barrier
The end of a joints elastic limit, after which there is joint cavitation as the joint begin to seperate
Paraphysiological Space
Where the joints anatomical limits are reached
What is good posture?
- Maintaining alignment of structures in relation to the rest of the body
- Ensuring all structural body parts are in their optimal position places joint structures, muscles, tendons and ligaments in the
What is bad posture?
- Adaptation of anatomy and biomechanics resulting in excessive stress
- Lifestyle based
- Structural in nature
Standing Posture
- Mechanical advantage for which our bodies were designed
- Due to out upright stance the body is very much against gravity and is prone compression especially through the spine
Sitting Posture
Having hips, knees and elbows bent at 90º with a neutral/straight spine
Lying posture
- Sleeping on your stomach can sometimes lead to neck and back pain
- Spine should be neutral with shoulders over the hips with no rotation
- Sometimes placing a pillow underneath or between the knees can take some added pressure off the spine
What anatomy/physiology features impact posture?
- Muscles/Tendons
- Bones
- Ligaments
- Visual system
- Vestibular system (inner ear)
- Cochlear system (hearing)
- Proprioceptive system (joint position awareness
- Primary Sensory Cortex (body mapping)
- Cerebellum (coordination and balance)
What behaviours impact posture?
- ADLs
- Work posture
- Exercise (or lack of)
What do we look at when referring to posture?
- Want to see a centre of mass ‘plumb line’
- Symmetry, balance, alignment
Posterior landmarks of posture:
EOP
Mastoid process
ACJ
Inferior angle of scapula
Lower rib cage
Iliac crests
PSIS
Greater trochanter
Ischial tuberosities
Popliteal fossa
Achilles
Lateral landmarks of posture:
EAM
Cervical lordosis
Acromion/ACJ
Thoracic Kyphosis
Lumbar Lordosis
Iliac crest
Greater trochanter
Midline of lateral tibiofemoral joint
Lateral malleolus
When should you start your assessment?
- When you first meet the patient
- Look at muscle contour and skin not just posture
