Trypanosome

Question 1

What parasite causes African trypanosomiasis (Nagana disease)?

Answer 1

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 2

What insect transmits African Trypanosomiasis to humans?

Answer 2

Tsetse fly

Question 3

Associate the symptoms with the stage of the pathogen
a. Sleeping sickness, lethargy, confusion
b. Swelling of the cervical lymph node

Answer 3

a. Present in the CNS
b. Present in the blood

Question 4

True or false: The number of Trypanosoma brucei fluctuates in the blood of a patient with African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Place these events of the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle in order
a. Trypomastigotes multiply by binary fission in the blood
b. Trypomastigotes transform into epimastigotes
c. Tsetse fly takes a blood meal and bloodstream trypomastigotes
d. Tsetse fly takes a blood meal and injects metacyclic trypomastigotes
e. Epimastigotes transform into metacyclic trypomastigotes
f. Injected metacyclic trypomastigotes transform into bloodstream trypomastigotes

Answer 5

d, f, a, c, b, e

Question 6

Which strain of T.b affects only humans?

Answer 6

T.b gambiense

Question 7

Which strain of T.b affects cattle and humans?

Answer 7

T.b rhodesiense

Question 8

Associate the drugs to stage 1 or stage 2 of Trypanosomiasis
a. Melarsoprol
b. Pentamidine
c. Fexinidazole

Answer 8

a. Stage 2
b. Stage 1
c. Stage 1/2

Question 9

Which feature of the Trypanosome expresses DNA?

Answer 9

Kinetoplast

Question 10

Which feature of the Trypanosome produces energy?

Answer 10

Glycosome

Question 11

What is the domain of Trypanosomes?

Answer 11

Eukaryota

Question 12

What is the class of Trypanosomes?

Answer 12

Kinetoplastids

Question 13

What is the genus of Trypanosomes?

Answer 13

Leishmania or trypanosome

Question 14

Which Trypanosome species is the only one at stage 5 transmission?

Answer 14

T.b. gambiense

Question 15

What is the protein at the surface of Trypanosomes that protects against antibody response?

Answer 15

VSG

Question 16

Which region of VSG protein is exposed and non-exposed?

Answer 16

Variable (exposed) and conserved (non-exposed)

Question 17

True or false: VSG proteins switch out every two weeks

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How are different VSG genes by RNA poly I expressed?

Answer 18

Silent VSG genes duplicate and replace the telomeric gene

Question 19

True or false: More than one telomeric located VSG gene is expressed at a time

Answer 19

False, only one telomeric located VSG gene is expressed at a a time

Question 20

True or false: VSG switching is pre-programmed in the genome

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Discontinuous transcription of VSG gene involves the splicing of which two transcripts?

Answer 21

Miniexon and VSG mRNA

Question 22

True or false: A single promoter expresses only one internal gene at a time

Answer 22

False, it expresses all the genes

Question 23

Which transcript cuts polycistronic pre-mRNA?

Answer 23

Mini exon transcript

Question 24

True or false: RNA stability sequences are determined by the 3’ UTR

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Place the events of Trypanosome/leishmania RNA editing in the correct order a. Mini circle expresses guide RNA b. Guide RNA edits mRNA by adding or removing uridine c. Guide RNA pairs with regions of homology and binds to pre-mRNA d. Maxi circle expresses pre-mRNA

Answer 25

a, d, c, b

Question 26

Which parasite causes Chagas disease?

Answer 26

Trypanosome cruzi

Question 27

In which continent is Trypanosome cruzi most present?

Answer 27

South America

Question 28

Which insect transmits Chaga disease?

Answer 28

Triatomine bug

Question 29

How is Chaga disease transmitted?

Answer 29

Triatomine bug bites at night and infects humans The bug can also bite animals

Question 30

Place the events of Trypanozome cruzi life cycle in order a. Trypomastigote converts to amastigote in the muscle and replicates b. Epimastigote replicates in triatomines and converts to trypomastigote c. Triatomine bug introduces trypomastigote by defecation d. Trypomastigote affects GI and heart

Answer 30

b, c, a, d

Question 31

Place the events of cell entry of Trypanosome cruzi in order a. Ca influx recruits lysosomes to repair damage b. Remodeling of PM during repair allows entry of T. cruzi c. Damage to cell membrane causes Ca influx

Answer 31

c, a, b

Question 32

What techniques are used to diagnose Chagas disease?

Answer 32

PCR, Giemsa (acute phase), serology (chronic phase)

Question 33

What drug is used to treat Chagas disease?

Answer 33

Benznidazole

Question 34

What prevention method is used to control Chagas disease?

Answer 34

Deltamethrin spray to kill vector

Question 35

Which protein covers the surface of T. cruzi?

Answer 35

Mucin proteins

Question 36

True or false: Mucin surface protein is composed of sialic acid, carbohydrates and serine/threonine

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Short mucin non-variable surface protein is found in which life stage of Trypanosome?

Answer 37

Epimastigote/trypomastigote

Question 38

Long mucin group 1 and long mucin group 2 are found in which life stage of trypanosome?

Answer 38

Amastigote/trypomastigote

Question 39

Which mucin surface protein is shed in the blood?

Answer 39

Long mucin group 2

Question 40

The vaccine against T. cruzi targets which protein?

Answer 40

Trans-Sialidase