Protozoan Vaccine Flashcards
Which disease has the least effective vaccine?
Tuberculosis
True or false: Leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and next generation malaria are approaching human clinical trials and on WHO priorities list
True
Associate the following features to their immune pathway
a. Cytokines, CD8 and CD4 T cells, intracellular pathogens
b. Antibodies, intracellular and extracellular pathogens
a. Cell-mediated immunity
b. Humoral immunity
True or false: Vaccines are easier to make for pathogens that do not require antibodies (T cell response)
False
What are the targets of malaria vaccine?
Sporozoites
Which protein present on merozoites is a target for malaria vaccine?
AMA1
RTS,S vaccine for malaria targets which protein?
CSP
What is the role of HbS Ag?
Forms a complex structure exposing the CSP antigen
How many doses of the RTS,S vaccine are needed?
4 doses
What is the main challenge of RTS,S vaccine?
GSK does not produce enough vaccines
What is the disadvantage of subunit vaccines?
Immune system is not strong enough
What is the disadvantage of live attenuated vaccines?
Attenuation can be reversed and cause disease
Why is live attenuated vaccination more advantageous than subunit vaccination?
Allows the production of more cells to carry out killing of T-effector cells
Longer response
How are radiation attenuated live sporozoites produced?
Infected mosquitoes treated with radiation
Dissection to isolate attenuated sporozoites
Which of the following are advantages of live attenuated vaccine for leishmaniasis?
a. People are immunologically protected for life
b. Promastigotes can be made in large quantities in culture
c. Leishmania strains can be developed using CRISPR-Cas gene editing
All of the above
What is the gene required for survival in human host, but not needed to survive in sand fly?
Virulence gene
Why is it possible to culture Leishmania promastigotes but not Plasmodium sporozoites or merozoites?
Promastigotes are programmed to multiply in the blood of the sandfly
Sporozoites need gametocytes to multiply and merozoites cannot multiply outside of RBC
Could Imiquimod function as a vaccine adjuvant?
Yes, it activates the TH1 response
True or false: Imiquimod is an effective vaccine adjuvant when given in the muscle
False, it is effective when given in the skin
Why is the skin the ideal place for vaccination?
Most immune cells are present in the skin
