Truman given by other Flashcards
why was the US experience of WWII different? (4)
no blitz, economic improvement, no invasion, less social disruption
The number of US military casualties in WWII
400,000
The number of US civilian casualties in WWII
6
With 7% of the world’s population how much of the worlds income was raised by the USA by 1945
42%
How much of the world’s manufacturing output did the USA produce by 1945
50%
Asian American population by 1950
320,000
The act that made Asian American immigration easier
Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 (McCaren Walter act)
percentage of the US population that African Americans made up in 1945
10%
Number of Hispanic Americans in 1945
2 million
Date of the Yalta Conference
February 1945
3 key agreements made at Yalta Conference
split Germany, free elections in eastern Europe, Russia help for war in Pacific
Date of the Potsdam Conference
17 Jul 1945 – 2 Aug 1945
3 key agreements made at Potsdam
German disarmament/reparations, nuremberg trials, polish borders
what did Truman fail to notify Stalin about at the Potsdam conference
The Atom Bomb
cost of Atomic Bomb
$2 million
What act created the CIA, NSC and merged the department of war and Navy to form the department of defence? when was it passed?
National Security Act, 1947
When Was NSC-68 issued?
1950
What was NSC-68 a response to?
Soviets Succesful A Bomb test
how much did NSC-68 increase defence spending for 1950 by?
$37 billion (to $50 billion)
Date of Kennan’s long telegram
February 1945
Date of Churchill’s Sinews of Peace speech (Iron Curtain)
1946
When did Truman give the ‘Truman Doctrine’ speech?
March 1947
How much money did Truman ask for to implement to Truman doctrine?
$400 million
Truman’s Secretary of State after 1948
Dean Acheson
When was the Marshall Plan approved?
1948
How much money did the Marshall Plan give in support of the recovery of European nations following WWII?
$17 billion
Berlin Airlift Dates
1948-1949
how many tonnes of supplies were flown in over the duration of the airlift
1.5 million
When was NATO set up
1949
pushing an opponent to the edge in the hope that back down first
brinkmanship
dates of US occupation of Japan
1949-52
When did China ‘fall’ to communism?
Oct-49
When did US support for the french in Indochina begin?
1946
when did Truman formally recognise the state of Israel?
1948
what percentage of the costs for the French war in Indochina did the Truman administration cover?
78%
when was Dean Acheson’s ‘defensive perimeter’ speech given?
(January) 1950
the name given to the divide between North and South Korea
the 38th parallel
when did the Korean war break out?
Jun-50
cost of Atomic Bomb
It was a UN police action
what point did the UN forces reach before Chinese intervention?
the Yalu river
When was McArthur dismissed as commander of the UN forces in Korea after criticising Truman and advocating the use of Nuclear weapons against the Chinese.
1951
how many US troops were killed/injured in the Korean War?
138,000
how low was Truman’s approval rating by 1952 (according to a gallup pole in february)?
22%
what % of US GDP did the Korean war cost in its final year?
14%
What is the term characterising Truman’s policy towards communism?
Containment
what did Truman famously declare about peacetime in 1946
peace is hell
where/when were the IMF and World Bank created (both of which were headquartered in NYC)?
The Bretton Woods conference, 1944
What was the name of Truman’s domestic policy initiative?
Fair Deal
how many soldiers were about to return after WWII
12 million
how did Truman introduce servicemen into the civilian work force?
Gradually
what was the maximum percentage of unemployment under Truman?
5%
what was the inflation rate by 1947?
15%
Key fair deal legislation that never passed
Anti-lynching, national healthcare, increase in minimum wage
Which Fair deal legislation actually passed?
veterans, permanent FEPC, civil rights
what did Truman want to increase minimum wage to from 45¢ an hour?
75¢ an hour
what did the GI bill help ex servicemen secure (financially)?
college education, mortgages, 1 year of unemployment benefit
what period was considered the ‘baby boom’ in the US
1945-50
how much had output increased between 1939 and 1948?
90%
by what figure had annual business investment rates risen between 1946 and 1955?
5.8 million
how many strikes occurred in 1946 (representing 4.5 million workers)?
5000
who controlled both houses of congress after the 1946 mid term elections
Republicans
who broke away from the democrats at the 1948 democratic convention
Strom Thurmond
what independent party did Strom Thurmond form on an anti civil rights platform
the States Rights Party (Dixiecrats)
in which election did the democrats regain control of both houses of congress?
1948
who did Truman unexpectedly defeat in the 1948 election
Dewey
which paper ran the headline ‘Dewey defeats Truman’ expecting Truman to loose the 1948 election?
the Chicago Tribune
during which 1946 strike did Truman threaten to draft striking workers into the army?
rail workers strike
which act attempted to clear up inner city slums (making the African American housing situation worse)
the 1949 housing act (urban renewal)
when were the arms forces desegregated? By what?
1948, Executive order 9981
By what % did the number of Americans living in poverty fall between 1949 and 1952?
5%
how many names of communists working in the US state department did Joseph McCarthy claim to have?
205/ wildly inconsistent numbers
In what HUAC trial did Richard Nixon first come to prominence?
1948 trial of Alger Hiss
By how much did the cost of consumer goods rise, in how many days, on June 30th 1946 due to soaring inflation after the OPA stopped imposing a maximum price on goods?
25% in 14 days (double the increase in the previous 3 years)
how many members did the American communist party have in 1947
(less than) 80,000
which two people were executed in 1953 for apparently disclosing nuclear secrets to the soviets?
Ethel and Julius Rosenburg
when did the soviets first successfully test an atomic bomb?
(August) 1949
which executive order established federal loyalty boards to root out communist sympathisers?
9835
what is the name for the famous group of suspected communists in the film industry blacklisted by HUAC in 1948?
Hollywood 10
which act, allowing communists to be denied passports, did Truman attempted to veto (receiving the support of only 58 members of congress)?
1952 internal security act
the term used to describe the period towards the end of a presidency (either the end of their second term or if they had announced they will not seek re-election) when their ability to enact policy is hampered by lack of cooperation/dissent?
Lame Duck Presidency
the date of the infamous Plessy vs Ferguson decision
1896
the precedent set by the Plessy vs Ferguson decision
separate but equal
the name for segregation enshrined in law
de jure segregation
the name for segregation enforced not by law but by social convention and cycles of poverty
de facto segregation
which newspaper started the double v campaign which encouraged African Americans to seek victory against racism at home as well as victory in war?
the Pittsburgh Courier
The figure which membership of the NAACP had reached by 1952
(over) 1 million
the name for the NAACP division that brought cases to the supreme court - associated with Thurgood Marshall - founded in 1939
NAACP legal defence fund
the civil rights group founded in 1942
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)
The Civil Rights group led by A Philip Randolph
Brotherhood of sleeping car porters
the group to which Malcolm X famously belonged until 1964
Nation of Islam
how many African Americans migrated North during the 1940’s and 50’s?
2.5 million
what prevented Blacks in the North from moving out of Ghetto areas even if they were financially able?
restrictive covenants
the name of the black politician who represented Harlem in the House of Representatives between 1945 and 1971?
Adam Clayton Powell
the name of the CORE campaign in which a group of 16 men (half black half white) planned to take a 2 week bus journey through Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and North Carolina
the journey of reconciliation
which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of Orange County schools (and later the whole of California after Governor Earl Warren took action)? what year?
Mendez vs Westminster, 1946
which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of interstate buses? what year?
Morgan vs Virginia, 1946
which NAACP supreme court case led to the end of restrictive covenants? what year?
Shelley vs Kramer, 1948
which NAACP supreme court case led to the decision that the apparently ‘separate but equal’ University of Texas law school for ‘coloured’ pupils was in fact not equal in its provision to that of the law school or white pupils? what year?
Sweatt vs Painter, 1950
The name of the report published in 1947 which demanded that the federal govt use its power to end segregation, that lynching be made a federal offence, poll tax be abolished, African American voting rights be introduced, FEPC be made permanent and interstate travel and armed forces be desegregated
to secure these rights
when was the federal employment board created?
1948
what meant that any company who the government was to consider in its purchase of defence equipment had to have fair employment practices towards minorities? when was it created?
CGCC (Government Contract Compliance Commission), 1951
what was the key issue of the urban renewal program (after 1949 housing act) for African Americans?
it demolished more houses than it ultimately built (predominantly in African American inner city Neighbourhoods)
When was the civil rights group LCCR founded?
1950
when was the civil rights group RCNL (Regional Council of Negro Leadership) founded
1951
when did Medgar Evers gas boycott in Jackson Mississippi with the slogan ‘don’t buy gas where you can’t use the restroom’ begin?
1952
