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CBB History America Truman > Truman given by other > Flashcards

Truman given by other Flashcards

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1
Q

why was the US experience of WWII different? (4)

A

no blitz, economic improvement, no invasion, less social disruption

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2
Q

The number of US military casualties in WWII

A

400,000

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3
Q

The number of US civilian casualties in WWII

A

6

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4
Q

With 7% of the world’s population how much of the worlds income was raised by the USA by 1945

A

42%

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5
Q

How much of the world’s manufacturing output did the USA produce by 1945

A

50%

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6
Q

Asian American population by 1950

A

320,000

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7
Q

The act that made Asian American immigration easier

A

Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 (McCaren Walter act)

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8
Q

percentage of the US population that African Americans made up in 1945

A

10%

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9
Q

Number of Hispanic Americans in 1945

A

2 million

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10
Q

Date of the Yalta Conference

A

February 1945

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11
Q

3 key agreements made at Yalta Conference

A

split Germany, free elections in eastern Europe, Russia help for war in Pacific

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12
Q

Date of the Potsdam Conference

A

17 Jul 1945 – 2 Aug 1945

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13
Q

3 key agreements made at Potsdam

A

German disarmament/reparations, nuremberg trials, polish borders

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14
Q

what did Truman fail to notify Stalin about at the Potsdam conference

A

The Atom Bomb

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15
Q

cost of Atomic Bomb

A

$2 million

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16
Q

What act created the CIA, NSC and merged the department of war and Navy to form the department of defence? when was it passed?

A

National Security Act, 1947

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17
Q

When Was NSC-68 issued?

A

1950

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18
Q

What was NSC-68 a response to?

A

Soviets Succesful A Bomb test

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19
Q

how much did NSC-68 increase defence spending for 1950 by?

A

$37 billion (to $50 billion)

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20
Q

Date of Kennan’s long telegram

A

February 1945

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21
Q

Date of Churchill’s Sinews of Peace speech (Iron Curtain)

A

1946

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22
Q

When did Truman give the ‘Truman Doctrine’ speech?

A

March 1947

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23
Q

How much money did Truman ask for to implement to Truman doctrine?

A

$400 million

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24
Q

Truman’s Secretary of State after 1948

A

Dean Acheson

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25
Q

When was the Marshall Plan approved?

A

1948

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26
Q

How much money did the Marshall Plan give in support of the recovery of European nations following WWII?

A

$17 billion

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27
Q

Berlin Airlift Dates

A

1948-1949

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28
Q

how many tonnes of supplies were flown in over the duration of the airlift

A

1.5 million

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29
Q

When was NATO set up

A

1949

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30
Q

pushing an opponent to the edge in the hope that back down first

A

brinkmanship

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31
Q

dates of US occupation of Japan

A

1949-52

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32
Q

When did China ‘fall’ to communism?

A

Oct-49

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33
Q

When did US support for the french in Indochina begin?

A

1946

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34
Q

when did Truman formally recognise the state of Israel?

A

1948

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35
Q

what percentage of the costs for the French war in Indochina did the Truman administration cover?

A

78%

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36
Q

when was Dean Acheson’s ‘defensive perimeter’ speech given?

A

(January) 1950

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37
Q

the name given to the divide between North and South Korea

A

the 38th parallel

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38
Q

when did the Korean war break out?

A

Jun-50

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39
Q

cost of Atomic Bomb

A

It was a UN police action

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40
Q

what point did the UN forces reach before Chinese intervention?

A

the Yalu river

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41
Q

When was McArthur dismissed as commander of the UN forces in Korea after criticising Truman and advocating the use of Nuclear weapons against the Chinese.

A

1951

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42
Q

how many US troops were killed/injured in the Korean War?

A

138,000

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43
Q

how low was Truman’s approval rating by 1952 (according to a gallup pole in february)?

A

22%

44
Q

what % of US GDP did the Korean war cost in its final year?

A

14%

45
Q

What is the term characterising Truman’s policy towards communism?

A

Containment

46
Q

what did Truman famously declare about peacetime in 1946

A

peace is hell

47
Q

where/when were the IMF and World Bank created (both of which were headquartered in NYC)?

A

The Bretton Woods conference, 1944

48
Q

What was the name of Truman’s domestic policy initiative?

A

Fair Deal

49
Q

how many soldiers were about to return after WWII

A

12 million

50
Q

how did Truman introduce servicemen into the civilian work force?

A

Gradually

51
Q

what was the maximum percentage of unemployment under Truman?

A

5%

52
Q

what was the inflation rate by 1947?

A

15%

53
Q

Key fair deal legislation that never passed

A

Anti-lynching, national healthcare, increase in minimum wage

54
Q

Which Fair deal legislation actually passed?

A

veterans, permanent FEPC, civil rights

55
Q

what did Truman want to increase minimum wage to from 45¢ an hour?

A

75¢ an hour

56
Q

what did the GI bill help ex servicemen secure (financially)?

A

college education, mortgages, 1 year of unemployment benefit

57
Q

what period was considered the ‘baby boom’ in the US

A

1945-50

58
Q

how much had output increased between 1939 and 1948?

A

90%

59
Q

by what figure had annual business investment rates risen between 1946 and 1955?

A

5.8 million

60
Q

how many strikes occurred in 1946 (representing 4.5 million workers)?

A

5000

61
Q

who controlled both houses of congress after the 1946 mid term elections

A

Republicans

62
Q

who broke away from the democrats at the 1948 democratic convention

A

Strom Thurmond

63
Q

what independent party did Strom Thurmond form on an anti civil rights platform

A

the States Rights Party (Dixiecrats)

64
Q

in which election did the democrats regain control of both houses of congress?

A

1948

65
Q

who did Truman unexpectedly defeat in the 1948 election

A

Dewey

66
Q

which paper ran the headline ‘Dewey defeats Truman’ expecting Truman to loose the 1948 election?

A

the Chicago Tribune

67
Q

during which 1946 strike did Truman threaten to draft striking workers into the army?

A

rail workers strike

68
Q

which act attempted to clear up inner city slums (making the African American housing situation worse)

A

the 1949 housing act (urban renewal)

69
Q

when were the arms forces desegregated? By what?

A

1948, Executive order 9981

70
Q

By what % did the number of Americans living in poverty fall between 1949 and 1952?

A

5%

71
Q

how many names of communists working in the US state department did Joseph McCarthy claim to have?

A

205/ wildly inconsistent numbers

72
Q

In what HUAC trial did Richard Nixon first come to prominence?

A

1948 trial of Alger Hiss

73
Q

By how much did the cost of consumer goods rise, in how many days, on June 30th 1946 due to soaring inflation after the OPA stopped imposing a maximum price on goods?

A

25% in 14 days (double the increase in the previous 3 years)

74
Q

how many members did the American communist party have in 1947

A

(less than) 80,000

75
Q

which two people were executed in 1953 for apparently disclosing nuclear secrets to the soviets?

A

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg

76
Q

when did the soviets first successfully test an atomic bomb?

A

(August) 1949

77
Q

which executive order established federal loyalty boards to root out communist sympathisers?

A

9835

78
Q

what is the name for the famous group of suspected communists in the film industry blacklisted by HUAC in 1948?

A

Hollywood 10

79
Q

which act, allowing communists to be denied passports, did Truman attempted to veto (receiving the support of only 58 members of congress)?

A

1952 internal security act

80
Q

the term used to describe the period towards the end of a presidency (either the end of their second term or if they had announced they will not seek re-election) when their ability to enact policy is hampered by lack of cooperation/dissent?

A

Lame Duck Presidency

81
Q

the date of the infamous Plessy vs Ferguson decision

A

1896

82
Q

the precedent set by the Plessy vs Ferguson decision

A

separate but equal

83
Q

the name for segregation enshrined in law

A

de jure segregation

84
Q

the name for segregation enforced not by law but by social convention and cycles of poverty

A

de facto segregation

85
Q

which newspaper started the double v campaign which encouraged African Americans to seek victory against racism at home as well as victory in war?

A

the Pittsburgh Courier

86
Q

The figure which membership of the NAACP had reached by 1952

A

(over) 1 million

87
Q

the name for the NAACP division that brought cases to the supreme court - associated with Thurgood Marshall - founded in 1939

A

NAACP legal defence fund

88
Q

the civil rights group founded in 1942

A

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)

89
Q

The Civil Rights group led by A Philip Randolph

A

Brotherhood of sleeping car porters

90
Q

the group to which Malcolm X famously belonged until 1964

A

Nation of Islam

91
Q

how many African Americans migrated North during the 1940’s and 50’s?

A

2.5 million

92
Q

what prevented Blacks in the North from moving out of Ghetto areas even if they were financially able?

A

restrictive covenants

93
Q

the name of the black politician who represented Harlem in the House of Representatives between 1945 and 1971?

A

Adam Clayton Powell

94
Q

the name of the CORE campaign in which a group of 16 men (half black half white) planned to take a 2 week bus journey through Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and North Carolina

A

the journey of reconciliation

95
Q

which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of Orange County schools (and later the whole of California after Governor Earl Warren took action)? what year?

A

Mendez vs Westminster, 1946

96
Q

which NAACP supreme court case led to the desegregation of interstate buses? what year?

A

Morgan vs Virginia, 1946

97
Q

which NAACP supreme court case led to the end of restrictive covenants? what year?

A

Shelley vs Kramer, 1948

98
Q

which NAACP supreme court case led to the decision that the apparently ‘separate but equal’ University of Texas law school for ‘coloured’ pupils was in fact not equal in its provision to that of the law school or white pupils? what year?

A

Sweatt vs Painter, 1950

99
Q

The name of the report published in 1947 which demanded that the federal govt use its power to end segregation, that lynching be made a federal offence, poll tax be abolished, African American voting rights be introduced, FEPC be made permanent and interstate travel and armed forces be desegregated

A

to secure these rights

100
Q

when was the federal employment board created?

A

1948

101
Q

what meant that any company who the government was to consider in its purchase of defence equipment had to have fair employment practices towards minorities? when was it created?

A

CGCC (Government Contract Compliance Commission), 1951

102
Q

what was the key issue of the urban renewal program (after 1949 housing act) for African Americans?

A

it demolished more houses than it ultimately built (predominantly in African American inner city Neighbourhoods)

103
Q

When was the civil rights group LCCR founded?

A

1950

104
Q

when was the civil rights group RCNL (Regional Council of Negro Leadership) founded

A

1951

105
Q

when did Medgar Evers gas boycott in Jackson Mississippi with the slogan ‘don’t buy gas where you can’t use the restroom’ begin?

A

1952

CBB History America Truman (18 decks)

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