Civil Rights Statement Question

Question 1

Position of NAACP person that Truman met up with:

Answer 1

NAACP’s Executive Director

Question 2

Name of NAACP’s Executive Director that Truman met up with?

Answer 2

Walter White

Question 3

Who organised the Journey of Reconciliation?

Answer 3

CORE

Question 4

When was the journey of reconciliation organised?

Answer 4

10th April 1947

Question 5

Which people were involved with the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters/The Pullman Porters and the whole desegregation of army thing?

Answer 5

A Phillip Randolf and some other activists.

Question 6

“In the years 1945 to 1953, the campaigns to advance the civil rights of African-Americans made significant progress because of the support of the President”.

Answer 6

1. Intro (4)
2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
5. Conclusion. (7)

Question 7

1. Intro (4)

Answer 7

a. While the statement is reasonably valid because Truman did do some things to advance it.
b. Less Valid as civil rights groups also had a large role as they made some differences.
c. However, both parties would not have done as much if it had not been for the other.
d. It could be argued that less valid because the progress made was not significant.

Question 8

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)

Answer 8

a. Made it clear that he was willing to advance civil rights thus allowing more campaigns to happen and be bolder. (5)
b. By passing executive orders. (3)
c. The things that he actually did may not have advanced civil rights as much because they weren’t enforced. (4)

Question 9

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   a. Made it clear that he was willing to advance civil rights thus allowing more campaigns to happen and be bolder. (5)

Answer 9

i. Truman’s Meeting with NAACP’s Executive Director:
ii. Walter White
iii. Occurred less than a month after Truman became president. (1)
iv. White’s visit assured black Americans that they had support from Truman.
v. Truman’s origins from a southern state made his support of civil rights even more significant.

Question 10

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   a. Made it clear that he was willing to advance civil rights thus allowing more campaigns to happen and be bolder. (5)
   iii. Occurred less than a month after Truman became president. (1)

Answer 10

α. 5th May 1945

Question 11

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   b. By passing executive orders. (3)

Answer 11

i. Desegregate government workforces. (1)
ii. Presidential Civil Rights Committee (1)
iii. Both happen in 1948. (2)

Question 12

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   b. By passing executive orders. (3)
   i. Desegregate government workforces. (1)

Answer 12

α. 9980

Question 13

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   b. By passing executive orders. (3)
   ii. Presidential Civil Rights Committee (1)

Answer 13

α. 9808

Question 14

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   b. By passing executive orders. (3)
   iii. Both happen in 1948. (2)

Answer 14

α. Presidential election.
β. Voters.

Question 15

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   c. The things that he actually did may not have advanced civil rights as much because they weren’t enforced. (4)

Answer 15

i. Officials ignored instructions to desegregate education. (2)
ii. Buses remained segregated. (3)
iii. They covered their racism behind a guise of defending the rights of their states from federal interference.
iv. Especially in the absence of widespread media coverage.

Question 16

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   c. The things that he actually did may not have advanced civil rights as much because they weren’t enforced. (4)
   i. Officials ignored instructions to desegregate education. (2)

Answer 16

α. South Carolina
β. Oklahoma

Question 17

2. The president helped to advance the civil rights of Americans. (3)
   c. The things that he actually did may not have advanced civil rights as much because they weren’t enforced. (4)
   ii. Buses remained segregated. (3)

Answer 17

α. Virginia
β. The Carolinas
γ. Georgia

Question 18

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)

Answer 18

a. NAACP made actual legal progress and certifiably changed some things. (2)
b. Journey of Reconciliation increased awareness and media coverage for the topic. (7)
c. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters/The Pullman Porters (3)

Question 19

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   a. NAACP made actual legal progress and certifiably changed some things. (2)

Answer 19

i. Voting rights case allowing African-Americans in Texas to vote in primaries. (2)
ii. Transport-related case ruling segregation on interstate buses was illegal. (2)

Question 20

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   a. NAACP made actual legal progress and certifiably changed some things. (2)
   i. Voting rights case allowing African-Americans in Texas to vote in primaries. (2)

Answer 20

α. Smith v. Allwright
β. 1944

Question 21

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   a. NAACP made actual legal progress and certifiably changed some things. (2)
   ii. Transport-related case ruling segregation on interstate buses was illegal. (2)

Answer 21

α. Morgan v. Virginia
β. 1946

Question 22

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   b. Journey of Reconciliation increased awareness and media coverage for the topic. (7)

Answer 22

i. Organised by CORE
ii. Organized on 10th April 1947
iii. Participants (2)
iv. Intended to be a bus trip. (3)
v. Aimed to end segregation of interstate travel.
vi. Group repeatedly arrested and jailed.
vii. Succeeded in generating substantial media interest in the issue of desegregation.

Question 23

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   b. Journey of Reconciliation increased awareness and media coverage for the topic. (7)
   iii. Participants (2)

Answer 23

α. 8 white men.
β. 8 black men.

Question 24

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   b. Journey of Reconciliation increased awareness and media coverage for the topic. (7)
   iv. Intended to be a bus trip. (3)

Answer 24

α. Places such as: Virginia
β. North Carolina
γ. They were too afraid to go into the deep south.

Question 25

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   c. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters/The Pullman Porters (3)

Answer 25

i. A Phillip Randolf and other activists
ii. They renew a lot of pressure to desegregate army. (1)
iii. President Truman asked congress to pass a peacetime draft law. (3)

Question 26

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   c. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters/The Pullman Porters (3)
   ii. They renew a lot of pressure to desegregate army. (1)

Answer 26

α. 1947

Question 27

3. It was the groups/ the situation??? (3)
   c. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters/The Pullman Porters (3)
   iii. President Truman asked congress to pass a peacetime draft law. (3)

Answer 27

α. Randolf asked black men to not register for potential drafting.
β. Protest due to significant racism and segregation in the army at the time.
γ. Truman was vulnerable against defeat in upcoming 1948 elections.

Question 28

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)

Answer 28

a. The KKK literally resurged during this time period. (2)
b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)

Question 29

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   a. The KKK literally resurged during this time period. (2)

Answer 29

i. Signalled their presence by lighting huge fiery crosses from: (2)
ii. Employed violent tactics against those that disagreed with their views. (1)

Question 30

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   a. The KKK literally resurged during this time period. (2)
   i. Signalled their presence by lighting huge fiery crosses from: (2)

Answer 30

α. Autumn 1945
β. To spring 1946.

Question 31

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   a. The KKK literally resurged during this time period. (2)
   ii. Employed violent tactics against those that disagreed with their views. (1)

Answer 31

α. Even if some violence never happened the fear and history was used to control people.

Question 32

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)

Answer 32

i. Thanks to suburbanisation. (2)
ii. Lived in cramped conditions in the middle of cities.
iii. High rents and neglectful landlords. (2)
iv. Prevented from moving out to suburbs:
v. “Restricted covenants” (1)
vi. “de facto segregation” by realtors (1)
vii. Economic cost of it- they can’t afford it. (2)

Question 33

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)
   i. Thanks to suburbanisation. (2)

Answer 33

α. They take away the investment and wealth away with them.
β. Even less going in- ghettoisation is worse.

Question 34

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)
   iii. High rents and neglectful landlords. (2)

Answer 34

α. Due to demand always exceeding supply.
β. Mass migration pushes up demand massively.

Question 35

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)
   v. “Restricted covenants” (1)

Answer 35

α. Legal agreements that restricted the ownership or use of land based on certain criteria, such as race, ethnicity, religion, or social class.

Question 36

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)
   vi. “de facto segregation” by realtors (1)

Answer 36

α. Only showing people of colour houses in certain areas and avoiding showing them houses in predominantly white neighbourhoods.

Question 37

4. Civil Rights did not make significant progress. (2)
   b. The “white flight” and the “second great migration”. (7)
   vii. Economic cost of it- they can’t afford it. (2)

Answer 37

α. Set up but also education levels aren’t as high.
β. Not the same job opportunities.

Question 38

5. Conclusion. (7)

Answer 38

a. The statement is very valid in terms of Truman being involved in the progress being made because while Truman isn’t the only one doing stuff, he and the campaigners made more progress due to the other.
b. Not much in terms of progress was actually made because while some things improved many things definitely got worse so they cancel eachother out.
c. Trumans willingness to help civil rights encouraged civil rights campaigners.
d. Civil Rights campaigners put pressure on Truman to do more for civil rights.
e. Despite the legal changes made by both Truman and Civil rights campaigners, often racism still won out as people found ways around rules for civil rights.
f. The increase in Campaigning and progress also meant an increase in pushback making civil rights in some aspects worse.
g. As people noticed that it was getting worse, eg. north soldiers visiting south, people felt more strongly that something had to be done about it.