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CBB History America Truman > Political and Domestic Problems > Flashcards

Political and Domestic Problems Flashcards

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1
Q

How high was unemployment in 1950?

A

5%

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2
Q

When did Truman’s 21 point programme get presented to congress?

A

6th September 1945

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3
Q

At what did Truman introduced the revised measures of the 21 point programme that got known as his fair deal?

A

The State of the Union Address

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4
Q

When was the State of The Union Address at which point Truman announced the fair deal?

A

January 1949

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5
Q

How much was the proposed Tax Increase as to pay for the policies suggested in the fair deal?

A

$4 Billion

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6
Q

By 1953, how many Americans were employed?

A

62 Million

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7
Q

By how much did Employment grow under Truman?

A

11 million

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8
Q

How many Veterans took advantage of the GI Bill?

A

7.8 million

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9
Q

How many homes a year did William J. Levitt make?

A

1.5 million

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10
Q

What percentage of Americans were living in poverty in 1949?

A

33%

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11
Q

What percentage of Americans were living in poverty in 1952?

A

28%

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12
Q

In what year were 33% of Americans living in poverty?

A

1949

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13
Q

In what year were 28% of Americans living in poverty?

A

1952

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14
Q

Domestic Problems (4)

A
  1. Following WW2 there was an increased birth rate. (3)
  2. Government demand for war materials over. (3)
  3. Unemployment (4)
  4. Why was Truman not able to give returning GI’s (veterans) everything they wanted? (4)
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15
Q

Domestic Problems (4)
1. Following WW2 there was an increased birth rate. (3)

A

a. Women had to increasingly stay at home to look after children.
b. Increased demand for housing in the suburbs.
c. Increased pressure in the school system.

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16
Q

Domestic Problems (4)
2. Government demand for war materials over. (3)

A

a. Jobs were threatened.
b. Economy adapted to some extent.
c. Factories changed what they produced to serve new market for consumer goods. (3)

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17
Q

Domestic Problems (4)
2. Government demand for war materials over. (3)
c. Factories changed what they produced to serve new market for consumer goods. (3)

A

i. Clothing
ii. Cars
iii. Household appliances

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18
Q

Domestic Problems (4)
3. Unemployment (4)

A

a. Rose to 5% by 1950
b. Those worst affected were minority groups and women.
c. They received little protection from trade unions.
d. Trade unions had been finding themselves increasingly under pressure for their left-wing sympathies.

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19
Q

Domestic Problems (4)
4. Why was Truman not able to give returning GI’s (veterans) everything they wanted? (4)

A

a. They want jobs houses, cars, good food, and product, go on like before.
b. Everything they have not been able to have during war.
c. Because he has to do so much.
d. There was not much post-war planning because all the economists thought that it would take longer but the atomic bomb ended it.

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20
Q

The Fair Deal (5)

A
  1. Truman’s 21-Point Programme (4)
  2. Truman’s State of the Union Address (5)
  3. A couple of Fair Deal Measures. (4)
  4. Gen why did his programme work out like that and to what extent? (2)
  5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)
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21
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
1. Truman’s 21-Point Programme (4)

A

a. Presented to Congress on 6th September 1945
b. Incorporated economic and social measures to tackle domestic problems.
c. He wanted the legislature to be drafted and passed.
d. Few measures actually passed owing to conservative majority in Congress. (1)

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22
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
1. Truman’s 21-Point Programme (4)
d. Few measures actually passed owing to conservative majority in Congress. (1)

A

i. Republicans and Dixiecrats disapprove.

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23
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
2. Truman’s State of the Union Address (5)

A

a. Address in January 1949
b. He was sustained high (emotionally) by legitimacy of victory in previous year’s election.
c. Stated that every part of population had the right to a fair deal from government.
d. Introduced a series of revised measures.
e. Became known as “The Fair Deal”.

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24
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
3. A couple of Fair Deal Measures. (4)

A

a. Life Based living: (8)
b. Money and stuff for me labourers. (4)
c. Civil rights legislation. (3)
d. A $4 billion tax increase to reduce the national debt and finance these programs.

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25
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
3. A couple of Fair Deal Measures. (4)
a. Life Based living: (8)

A

i. Freely available universal health care, to be funded by payroll deductions.
ii. Federally financed low-cost housing
iii. ‘The redevelopment of large areas of the blighted and slum sections of our cities’
iv. Increased Social Security payments and extended coverage.
v. Federal aid to education
vi. Public Works Programme
vii. A permanent FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Committee)
viii. The establishment of a new Department of Welfare

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26
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
3. A couple of Fair Deal Measures. (4)
b. Money and stuff for me labourers. (4)

A

i. A minimum wage rise from 40 cents per hour to 75 cents.
ii. Guaranteed prices and crop insurance for farmers
iii. Tax cuts for low-income earners
iv. The repeal of the Taft–Hartley Act

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27
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
3. A couple of Fair Deal Measures. (4)
c. Civil rights legislation. (3)

A

i. The abolition of poll taxes
ii. Anti-lynching laws
iii. An immigration bill.

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28
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
4. Gen why did his programme work out like that and to what extent? (2)

A

a. Lacked the fierce economic necessity that had allowed Roosevelt to push through the ‘New Deal’.
b. It was never implemented comprehensively.

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29
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)

A

a. Employment (4)
b. Income from agriculture, share dividends, and businesses were at all-time highs.
c. No bank had failed in nearly nine years.
d. Directly gov schemes relating to jobs (and not-jobs) (3)
e. Millions of new homes had been financed to be built through government programs. (2)
f. A start had been made in clearing inner city slums. (3)
g. Poverty (3)

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30
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)
a. Employment (4)

A

i. By 1953
ii. 62 million Americans were employed.
iii. Employment increased by 11 million under Truman.
iv. Unemployment was virtually zero.

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31
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)
d. Directly gov schemes relating to jobs (and not-jobs) (3)

A

i. Minimum wage had been increased.
ii. Social Security benefits had been doubled.
iii. 7.8 million veterans had taken advantage of the GI Bill.

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32
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)
e. Millions of new homes had been financed to be built through government programs. (2)

A

i. William J. Levitt built 1.5 million homes a year, a policy aimed at addressing the growing demand for homes in the suburbs.
ii. Levitt’s homes were popular among those who believed that homeownership prevented communism.

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33
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)
f. A start had been made in clearing inner city slums. (3)

A

i. Ironically this made housing worse for African Americans in the northern cities.
ii. The cleared slums were not replaced with affordable housing quickly enough.
iii. Caused rents to skyrocket.

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34
Q

The Fair Deal (5)
5. Social and Economic Progress Under Truman (8)
g. Poverty (3)

A

i. Poverty had been reduced.
ii. Percentage of Americans living in poverty fell from 33% in 1949…
iii. To 28% by 1952.

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35
Q

How high was inflation from 1925-1926?

A

25%

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36
Q

Between which years did inflation get to 25%

A

1925-1926

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37
Q

In 1946, what did Truman use to control prices?

A

Roosevelt’s Office of Price Administration

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38
Q

What does OPA stand for?

A

Office of Price Administration.

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39
Q

What was the Office of Price Administration first created?

A

1941

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40
Q

Can you name an act that assisted the creation and wok of labour unions?

A

The Wagner Act

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41
Q

When was the Wagner Act passed?

A

1935

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42
Q

In 1945 how many workers were unionised?

A

15 million

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43
Q

In which year were 15 million workers unionised?

A

1945

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44
Q

in 1945 what percentage of the non-agricultural workforce is unionised?

A

36%

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45
Q

Inflation (6)

A
  1. How did the relationship between Labour and Business change post 1945? (2)
  2. Tensions (4)
  3. Why did Truman allow some prices to rise? (3)
  4. Inflation in Post-War America (3)
  5. Truman’s Attempts to Combat Inflation (3)
  6. Union Power in Roosevelt Years (3)
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46
Q

Inflation (6)
1. How did the relationship between Labour and Business change post 1945? (2)

A

a. During WW2 Truman was controlling prices and wages but union leaders agreed to not strike because of war efforts. (1)
b. It was worse.

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47
Q

Inflation (6)
1. How did the relationship between Labour and Business change post 1945? (2)
a. During WW2 Truman was controlling prices and wages but union leaders agreed to not strike because of war efforts. (1)

A

i. Patriotism.

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48
Q

Inflation (6)
2. Tensions (4)

A

a. Why Workers wants were happening? (4)
b. What do workers want? (2)
c. Businessmen would absolutely not want this because they would lose out twice over. They would want the opposite. (1)
d. Truman grew impatient with both groups. (1)

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49
Q

Inflation (6)
2. Tensions (4)
a. Why Workers wants were happening? (4)

A

i. During war, tight lid on wages and process.
ii. It was fine during the war because it was the war but when it’s over, we want this to be better.
iii. Now strikes.
iv. Want to make up for all the years that was lost.

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50
Q

Inflation (6)
2. Tensions (4)
b. What do workers want? (2)

A

i. They want Truman to keep prices stable. Stop inflation.
ii. They want higher wages.

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51
Q

Inflation (6)
2. Tensions (4)
c. Businessmen would absolutely not want this because they would lose out twice over. They would want the opposite. (1)

A

i. Lower wages higher prices.

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52
Q

Inflation (6)
2. Tensions (4)
d. Truman grew impatient with both groups. (1)

A

i. Because higher prices and higher wages would lead to more inflation.

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53
Q

Inflation (6)
3. Why did Truman allow some prices to rise? (3)

A

a. Because all the businessmen want that for them.
b. He does want to hold them though because he has a large labour voting base.
c. He lets some prices rise and others he controls. (5)

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54
Q

Inflation (6)
3. Why did Truman allow some prices to rise? (3)
c. He lets some prices rise and others he controls. (5)

A

i. Looks like a weak move.
ii. Confusing.
iii. This ends to him losing campaign later as people blame him.
iv. “to err is to Truman” campaign slogan.
v. Some markets might be doing better than others so some businessowners are gonna be really irritated.

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55
Q

Inflation (6)
4. Inflation in Post-War America (3)

A

a. Federal government budget deficits.
b. Shortages of consumer goods
c. Inflation hit 25% during 1945-6

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56
Q

Inflation (6)
5. Truman’s Attempts to Combat Inflation (3)

A

a. Truman sought to combat inflation through continued use of Roosevelt’s Office of Price Administration (OPA) in 1946 (2)
b. Conservative Democrats and Republicans sought the restoration of free market forces.
c. OPA weakened, causing prices to rise spectacularly.

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57
Q

Inflation (6)
5. Truman’s Attempts to Combat Inflation (3)
a. Truman sought to combat inflation through continued use of Roosevelt’s Office of Price Administration (OPA) in 1946 (2)

A

i. Created in 1941 for during WW2.
ii. It established maximum prices and rents.

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58
Q

Inflation (6)
6. Union Power in Roosevelt Years (3)

A

a. Wagner Act (1935) and wartime demand for labour increased union power. (2)
b. In 1945, 15 million workers were unionised.
c. Around 36% of non-agricultural workforce unionised.

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59
Q

Inflation (6)
6. Union Power in Roosevelt Years (3)
a. Wagner Act (1935) and wartime demand for labour increased union power. (2)

A

i. Wagner Act was 1935 legislation.
ii. That assisted the establishment and work of labour unions.

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60
Q

When was the general motors strike?

A

December 1945

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61
Q

How many strikes were there in 1946?

A

4985

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62
Q

In 1946 how many workers went on strike?

A

4.6 million workers

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63
Q

During which year were there 4985 strikes involving 4.6 million workers?

A

1946

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64
Q

In 1946, how many working days were lost?

A

116 million

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65
Q

Can you give me a reason that 116 million working days being lost was actually very notable?

A

It was three times as big as the previous record

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66
Q

Can you give me the vague time for the strikes in this period?

A

Starts late 1945 but lasts throughout 1946.

67
Q

In January 1946, how many Steelworkers went on strike?

A

800,000

68
Q

When did 800,000 Steelworkers go on strike?

A

January 1946

69
Q

800,000 of which workers went on strike in January of 1946?

A

Steelworkers

70
Q

In April 1946, how many miners went on strike?

A

400,000

71
Q

When did 400,000 miners go on strike?

A

April 1946

72
Q

400,000 of which workers went on strike in April of 1946?

A

miners

73
Q

When did Truman announces that he would maintain price controls AND that unions could pursue higher prices?

A

August 1946

74
Q

What does AFL-CIO stand for?

A

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations

75
Q

Strikes (4)

A

Gen (6)
Railway Workers
The United Mine workers strike
Steel Mills

76
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)

A
  1. Abt (2)
  2. Big coverage Strike Facts (3)
  3. Employers rejected demands for pay raises.
  4. Labor responded with widespread strikes. (4)
  5. Trumans attempts and desperation (5)
  6. Relationship between Corporations and Organized Labor within a Global Setting (4)
77
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
1. Abt (2)

A

a. Organised labour is just trade unions.
b. They traditionally support the Democrats.

78
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
2. Big coverage Strike Facts (3)

A

a. The General Motors strike in December 1945 sparked other strikes.
b. Stats (3)
c. Impact (3)

79
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
2. Big coverage Strike Facts (3)
b. Stats (3)

A

i. During 1946 there were 4985 strikes involving 4.6 million workers.
ii. Altogether, 116 million working days were lost: three times the previous record high.
iii. Starts late 1945 but lasts throughout 1946.

80
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
2. Big coverage Strike Facts (3)
c. Impact (3)

A

i. Strikes hit a series of really important industries.
ii. Incapacitates several key factors of the economy.
iii. Stifled production of consumer goods.

81
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
4. Labor responded with widespread strikes. (4)

A

a. Labour is annoyed that Truman didn’t cap all the prices.
b. Prices are skyrocketing and their wages aren’t keeping up.
c. 800,000 steelworkers walked out in January.
d. 400,000 miners walked out in April.

82
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
5. Trumans attempts and desperation (5)

A

a. In August 1946 (2)
b. He recommended that there was compulsory mediation between union and government (I think).
c. Truman was determined to resolve the situation with industrial unrest.
d. He was prepared to use any means necessary, such as drafting railway workers into the army to order them to work.
e. Truman even considered censoring the press on national security grounds.

83
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
5. Trumans attempts and desperation (5)
a. In August 1946 (2)

A

i. Truman announces that he would maintain price controls.
ii. AND that unions could pursue higher prices.

84
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
6. Relationship between Corporations and Organized Labor within a Global Setting (4)

A

a. The post-Second World War relationship between corporations and organized labour reflected the needs of Cold War-era American capitalism.
b. The leadership of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) agreed to support domestic and international anti-communism in exchange for (for the benefit of unionised workers): (3)
c. Strengthened the United States’ ability to create economic and political dependence in the Third World after decolonization. (1)
d. President Truman supported this approach, seeing labour as a way of strengthening the USA.

85
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
6. Relationship between Corporations and Organized Labor within a Global Setting (4)
b. The leadership of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) agreed to support domestic and international anti-communism in exchange for (for the benefit of unionised workers): (3)

A

i. Better wages
ii. Better benefits
iii. Job security

86
Q

Strikes (4)
Gen (6)
6. Relationship between Corporations and Organized Labor within a Global Setting (4)
c. Strengthened the United States’ ability to create economic and political dependence in the Third World after decolonization. (1)

A

i. Used Cold War foreign policy as a tool to achieve this goal.

87
Q

When did the railway workers go on strike?

A

May 1946

88
Q

What day was the joint session of congress when Truman tried to call for legislation to conscript the strikers?

A

25th May 1946

89
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)

A
  1. Who went on strike in May 1946? (4)
  2. What was Truman’s immediate response? (2)
  3. What does TruTru do next? (4)
  4. 25th May 1946 when addressing a Joint Session of Congress what happens? (5)
  5. What was the price Truman paid for ending the railroad strikes? (4)
90
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
1. Who went on strike in May 1946? (4)

A

a. The railway workers
b. Forced the country to a standstill.
c. They transport goods as well as people.
d. Would hugely eff up the economy as they can’t move anything around. (not as much of a highway yet).

91
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
2. What was Truman’s immediate response? (2)

A

a. He’s mad because he hates strikes as an ex-small business owner.
b. Truman tried to mediate between the strikers and the management. (3)

92
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
2. What was Truman’s immediate response? (2)
b. Truman tried to mediate between the strikers and the management. (3)

A

i. The Union Leaders were uncooperative.
ii. One of Truman’s Aides was all like “you can’t just say no, he’s the president”
iii. But then they were all “yeah, whatever. Nobody actually listens to this guy. You can’t force us to do shit unless you get the necessary influence or power.”

93
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
3. What does TruTru do next? (4)

A

a. Truman is basically being bullied with the sheer number of telegrams he’s getting to tell him to toughen up.
b. He threatened to draft striking railway workers into the army. (1)
c. Genuinely insane. Not even in the war would be allowed. Quite frankly unconstitutional and was seen as such.
d. HES A DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENT. HIS VOTERS ARE THE WORKERS.

94
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
3. What does TruTru do next? (4)
b. He threatened to draft striking railway workers into the army. (1)

A

i. If they are in the army, he’s commander in chief and so he can control them.

95
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
4. 25th May 1946 when addressing a Joint Session of Congress what happens? (5)

A

a. Truman goes before joint session of congress.
b. Says it’s not party on party, it’s against the government.
c. Called for something to happen for him to pass the legislation for conscripting the strikers.
d. While the House of Representatives agreed that he should have the authority to conscript workers, the senate rejected the proposal as it’s unconstitutional.
e. He doesn’t have to because they get called off due to the threat. (during the session)

96
Q

Strikes (4)
Railway Workers (5)
5. What was the price Truman paid for ending the railroad strikes? (4)

A

a. It cost him the support of the unions which he needs.
b. He’s a democrat so his support in theory should largely be coming from workers (and others) but he kinda messed up on that one.
c. Labour and liberal leaders also horrified.
d. In the 1946 midterms a lot of people who would have voted democrat just stayed home instead.

97
Q

When was the later United Mine Workers strike?

A

November 1946

98
Q

Who was the leader of the United Mine Workers?

A

John L. Lewis

99
Q

How much was John L. Lewis fined?

A

$10,000

100
Q

How much was the United Mine Workers fined?

A

$1.5 million

101
Q

What’s a racketeer? (I dont think this counts as own knowledge i just think that a) this is easier, and b) this comes up enough that it justifies taking some time to learn it)

A

a person who engages in dishonest and fraudulent business dealings

102
Q

Strikes (4)
The United Mine workers strike (4)

A
  1. Gen (2)
  2. Legal action (5)
  3. Truman’s actions were not an all-out attack on the unions but seen by some as such…
  4. Truman primarily targeted John L. Lewis, whom he viewed as a racketeer (a person who engages in dishonest and fraudulent business dealings) holding the country to ransom.
103
Q

Strikes (4)
The United Mine workers strike (4)
1. Gen (2)

A

a. November 1946
b. The coal strike had paralyzed the economy and threatened damage.

104
Q

Strikes (4)
The United Mine workers strike (4)
2. Legal action (5)

A

a. The government took them to court to stop the strike.
b. They defied an order to end their strike.
c. There was a long legal battle that went right up to the supreme court.
d. The government won
e. John L. Lewis, the miners’ leader, was fined $10,000, and his union was fined $1.5 million by an unsympathetic judge.

105
Q

In 1952, when was the last time that steelworkers had a payrise?

A

1950

106
Q

When did the steelworkers threaten to strike?

A

April 1952

107
Q

Truman seized control of steel mills under which Executive Order?

A

Executive Order No. 10,340

108
Q

Which newspaper said that the seizing of the steel mills was “was one of the most high-handed acts by any president”?

A

The Washington Post

109
Q

What was the name of the court case in which the supreme court judged Truman’s seizing action?

A

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer

110
Q

Before Truman, when was the last presidential condemnation?

A

1866

111
Q

How long did the steelworkers strike last for?

A

53 days

112
Q

What happened to the military output for 1952 (related to the steelworkers strike)?

A

It was cut by a third.

113
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)

A
  1. Set Up (2)
  2. Truman’s Response (4)
  3. Owners’ Appeal (2)
  4. Supreme Court’s Decision (3)
  5. Strike (3)
114
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
1. Set Up (2)

A

a. Steelworkers’ Pay (3)
b. Steel was vital for producing large quantities of munitions for Korean War

115
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
1. Set Up (2)
a. Steelworkers’ Pay (3)

A

i. Steel profits had soared.
ii. Steelworkers had not had a pay rise since 1950.
iii. In April 1952, steelworkers threatened to strike.

116
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
2. Truman’s Response (4)

A

a. Truman seized control of steel mills under Executive Order No. 10340, despite protests from industrialist owners.
b. Legal advisers and Chief Justice told Truman he had the necessary power to do so.
c. Truman assured staff (who were concerned that he had over exceeded his power) he had the power to do so if it was to keep country from collapsing.
d. There was much criticism. (5)

117
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
2. Truman’s Response (4)

A

i. The Washington Post said it was one of the most high-handed acts by any president.
ii. Truman’s actions were an attempt to create a ‘National Security State’.
iii. Basic freedoms could/might be denied in the cause of fighting the Cold War .
iv. Truman’s actions were an attempt to create a state of constant emergency.
v. However, some others argued that the Korean War was a serious but temporary crisis and not a means to justify granting extraordinary powers to the president.

118
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
3. Owners’ Appeal (2)

A

a. Owners didn’t want federal government control of their mills.
b. Appealed to law courts.

119
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
4. Supreme Court’s Decision (3)

A

a. Gen Set Up (2)
b. Decision (3)
c. Oooh, this baaaad. (2)

120
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
4. Supreme Court’s Decision (3)
a. Gen Set Up (2)

A

i. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer.
ii. Even through Supreme Court justices were appointed by Roosevelt and Truman.

121
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
4. Supreme Court’s Decision (3)
b. Decision (3)

A

i. Supreme Court declared seizure unconstitutional.
ii. And that Truman had exceeded executive authority.
iii. Ruling limited presidential power during wartime.

122
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
4. Supreme Court’s Decision (3)
c. Oooh, this baaaad. (2)

A

i. Truman humiliated himself. (not great for reputation)
ii. It was the first presidential condemnation since 1866.

123
Q

Strikes (4)
Steel Mills (5)
5. Strike (3)

A

a. Strike went ahead and lasted 53 days.
b. Military output for 1952 was cut by a third.
c. Eventually settled on same terms as Truman had suggested 4 months before.

124
Q

During the campaigns for the midterm elections, by how much did the prices rise?

A

6%

125
Q

Thanks to the political gridlock, what was congress known as?

A

the “do nothing” congress

126
Q

How many of (1946-1948) congresses bills did Truman try to veto?

A

250

127
Q

How many of Truman’s vetos did congress (1946-1948) manage to veto?

A

12

128
Q

1946 Election (5)

A
  1. Relevance of midterm 1946. (5)
  2. Truman and Congress (5)
  3. Reasons for Conflict (2)
  4. Republican Opposition (3)
  5. Democratic Division (4)
129
Q

1946 Election (5)
1. Relevance of midterm 1946. (5)

A

a. Economic problems had given Truman political issue.
b. Republicans highlighted the problems of reconversion from a war economy. (1)
c. Slogan: “To Err Is Truman”
d. Won control of both House and Senate.
e. Political Gridlock leading up to 1948 election.

130
Q

1946 Election (5)
1. Relevance of midterm 1946. (5)
b. Republicans highlighted the problems of reconversion from a war economy. (1)

A

i. During the midterm election campaigns prices rose 6% due to shortages. (due to strikes as well as well as maybe the government lack of money???)

131
Q

1946 Election (5)
2. Truman and Congress (5)

A

a. Truman governed as a president in opposition to the ‘Do Nothing’ Congress, run by Republicans. (And supported by some Dixiecrats).
b. Congress rejected most of Truman’s legislative proposals.
c. Truman vetoed 250 bills passed by Congress.
d. Congress overrode 12 of Truman’s vetoes.
e. Really bad period of legislative conflict between president and Congress.

132
Q

1946 Election (5)
3. Reasons for Conflict (2)

A

a. Congressional resentment over increased presidential power under Roosevelt. (2)
b. Truman exacerbated tensions by asking Congress to pass reforming legislation. (2)

133
Q

1946 Election (5)
3. Reasons for Conflict (2)
a. Congressional resentment over increased presidential power under Roosevelt. (2)

A

i. Determination to regain control from presidency
ii. Roosevelt sought greater executive powers during a time of crisis, but there was no crisis under Truman.

134
Q

1946 Election (5)
3. Reasons for Conflict (2)
b. Truman exacerbated tensions by asking Congress to pass reforming legislation. (2)

A

i. Conservative members of Congress tired of expensive New Deal-style policies.
ii. House Minority Leader Joseph Martin complained that Truman had asked for too much.

135
Q

1946 Election (5)
4. Republican Opposition (3)

A

a. Republicans made Truman’s presidency difficult.
b. In 1946 mid-term elections, Republicans took control of Congress for the first time since 1928.
c. Republicans interpreted the election as a people wanting their policies of: (4)

136
Q

1946 Election (5)
4. Republican Opposition (3)
c. Republicans interpreted the election as a people wanting their policies of: (4)

A

i. Tax cuts
ii. Restoring the market economy
iii. Decreased federal government intervention in social welfare.
iv. However ACTUALLY was a voter reaction to inflation, strikes, and Trumans dealings with such things.

137
Q

1946 Election (5)
5. Democratic Division (4)

A

a. Congressional Democrats were deeply divided during Truman’s presidency.
b. Liberal Democrats criticized him for failing to get more New Deal-style legislation through Congress.
c. Conservative Southern Democrats agreed with Republicans over unions and disagreed with Truman over civil rights.
d. Democrats lost the Solid South in the 1948 presidential election due to their liberal stance on race.

138
Q

What year was the Taft-Hartley Act passed?

A

1947

139
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act said that the president could order a “cooling period” of how many days before strikes?

A

80

140
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)

A
  1. Gen (4)
  2. What’s it say? (3)
  3. Impact on Popularity (2)
141
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)
1. Gen (4)

A

a. 1947
b. Republican-controlled Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act
c. ‘Twas to restrict union power. (1)
d. Truman vetoed the bill, but congress overruled this veto. (1)

142
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)
1. Gen (4)
c. ‘Twas to restrict union power. (1)

A

i. An attempt to roll back the pro-workforce terms of the 1935 Wagner Act

143
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)
1. Gen (4)
d. Truman vetoed the bill, but congress overruled this veto. (1)

A

i. Set the ideological battle lines between labour and corporate interests.

144
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)
2. What’s it say? (3)

A

a. Unions were liable for breach of contract.
b. Unions could not insist that all workers join a union as a condition of employment.
c. The president could order an 80-day ‘cooling-off’ period before strikes.

145
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)

A

a. Labour was furious at this limitation of union power.
b. Truman’s pragmatic acceptance of the New Deal labour reforms was popular. (2)

146
Q

The Taft-Hartley Act (3)
b. Truman’s pragmatic acceptance of the New Deal labour reforms was popular. (2)

A

i. The election result of 1948 showed the unpopularity of the Republicans’ position on labour.
ii. The Democrats won a resounding victory, indicating support for labour-friendly policies.

147
Q

Who was the Presidential candidate for the newly formed party for the dixiecrats in the 1948 election?

A

Strom Thurmond

148
Q

Who was the Republican presidential candidate in the 1948 election?

A

Thomas Dewey

149
Q

How long (time) was Truman’s national tour preceding the 1948 presidential election??

A

33 days

150
Q

How long (distance) was Truman’s national tour preceding the 1948 presidential election??

A

50,000km

151
Q

What nickname does truman get for giving the republicans a lot of issues preceding the 1948 presidential election?

A

Give ‘em Hell Harry

152
Q

The 1948 election (6)

A
  1. Gen (3)
  2. Republican Overconfidence (2)
  3. Truman’s National tour (6)
  4. Truman’s Personal Campaign
  5. Holy shit, he won?!?!? Flashback time I guess…
  6. General after.
153
Q

The 1948 election (6)
1. Gen (3)

A

a. Dixiecrats left the Democratic party due to the party’s liberal stance on race.
b. Dixiecrats selected Strom Thurmond as their presidential candidate.
c. Truman was re-elected to the surprise of many.

154
Q

The 1948 election (6)
2. Republican Overconfidence (2)

A

a. Republicans were confident that Thomas Dewey would defeat Truman in the 1948 presidential election.
b. Republicans felt assured after their triumphs in the 1946 elections.

155
Q

The 1948 election (6)
3. Truman’s National tour (6)

A

a. Truman won the presidential election thanks to his character and personality.
b. He embarked on a 33-day, 50,000 km whistle-stop tour of the nation.
c. During the tour, he defended his record and attacked the Republican ‘do-nothing Congress’. (2)
d. Truman loved addressing the people and they turned out in the hundreds of thousands to hear him.
e. Truman always asked the crowd if they would like to meet his family. (1)
f. Truman insisted on campaigning in Republican counties in Illinois and won them.

156
Q

The 1948 election (6)
3. Truman’s National tour (6)
c. During the tour, he defended his record and attacked the Republican ‘do-nothing Congress’. (2)

A

i. Thomas Dewey had a more cautious aloof campaign; Truman causes a lot of issues for republicans by railing hard.
ii. Truman gets nickname “Give ‘em Hell Harry”.

157
Q

The 1948 election (6)
3. Truman’s National tour (6)
e. Truman always asked the crowd if they would like to meet his family. (1)

A

i. Wife Bess and daughter Margaret came out to wave at the crowd.

158
Q

The 1948 election (6)
4. Truman’s Personal Campaign (4)

A

a. Truman’s personal campaign was effective.
b. Voting results demonstrated the effectiveness of the campaign.
c. Truman was seen as ‘the common man’s man’.
d. Clark Clifford said, ‘It wasn’t Harry Truman the politician who won, it was Harry Truman the man’.

159
Q

The 1948 election (6)
5. Holy shit, he won?!?!? Flashback time I guess… (2)

A

a. Absolutely nobody expected it.
b. Truman had so little confidence in his chances (and self) that he asked Eisenhower to run for president (actually the republicans also asked him- small world huh?) even though he declined.

160
Q

The 1948 election (6)
6. General after. (5)

A

a. Truman’s victory coincided with democrats regaining control of both houses of Congress.
b. By now there is an improving economy.
c. Hardline stance against Soviet Union.
d. So, Truman completes next term with more domestic cooperation.
e. He does not run in 1952 as by now he is very unpopular.

161
Q

Vague Summary (3)

A
  1. Truman’s Handling of Unions and Inflation (4)
  2. Economic Boom in 1948 (3)
  3. Conclusion (3)
162
Q

Vague Summary (3)
1. Truman’s Handling of Unions and Inflation (4)

A

a. Most Americans thought Truman mishandled unions and inflation.
b. Tried but failed to persuade Congress to maintain price controls.
c. Tried to steer a middle course between employer and union selfishness.
d. Ended up pleasing no one.

163
Q

Vague Summary (3)
2. Economic Boom in 1948 (3)

A

a. Despite criticisms, economy was booming in 1948.
b. Demand was high due to GI Bill of Rights, soldiers’ saved-up wartime wages, and post-war baby boom.
c. Manufacturers and consumers prospered.

164
Q

Vague Summary (3)
3. Conclusion (3)

A

a. Truman did not damage the nation’s economy.
b. At least partially successful in promoting economic growth.
c. Despite a mixed record with unions and inflation, Truman’s presidency fostered economic prosperity.

CBB History America Truman (18 decks)

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