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CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) > Troubleshooting Physical Networks (5.1 & 5.2) > Flashcards

Troubleshooting Physical Networks (5.1 & 5.2) Flashcards

1
Q

Network Troubleshooting Methodology

A
  1. Identify the problem
  2. Establish a theory to determine the cause
  3. Test the theory to determine the cause
  4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and identify potential effects
  5. Implement the solution or escalate as necessary
  6. Verify the whole system functionality and if applicable, implement preventive
    measures
  7. Document findings, actions, outcomes, and lesson learned
    ▪ Gather more details
    ▪ Identify symptoms
    ▪ Check for changes
    ▪ Duplicate problem
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2
Q

How to implement the network troubleshooting methodology

A

o Approach multiple problems individually
▪ Top-to-bottom
▪ Bottom-to-top
▪ Divide and conquer
o If confirmed, determine next steps
o If unconfirmed, reestablish new theory or escalate

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3
Q

Cable Review

A

VERY IMPORTANT( CHECK THE PICTURE)

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4
Q

Coaxial

A

▪ 100 Mbps, 500 meters

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5
Q

Coaxial Twinaxial

A

▪ 10 Gbps, 5 meters
▪ 100 Gbps, 7 meters
MORE PICTURES

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6
Q

Tip:

A

Protecting your network from electromagnetic interference (EMI)
▪ The extra shielding helps protect the STP cables from EMI and power
frequency interruptions
▪ Fiber cables are immune to EMI

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7
Q

Plenum Cable

A

▪ Used when running cables horizontally in a building across a particular
level

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8
Q

Riser Cable

A

▪ Used to run network cables vertically between floors in a building in a
cable riser or elevator shaft
▪ Riser cables cannot be used in plenum spaces since they are not made
from PVC or FEP

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9
Q

Rollover/Console Cable

A

o A type of null-modem cable that is used to connect a

computer terminal to a router’s console port

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10
Q

Crossover Cable

A

o Connects two Ethernet network devices directly, such as

two computers without a switch or a router in between

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11
Q

Power Over Ethernet (or PoE)

A

o Passes electric power over twisted pair Ethernet cable to
powered devices
o PoE provides 15.4 to 60 watts of power using two twisted
pairs, and between 60-100 watts of power using all four

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12
Q

Snips or Cutters

A

▪ Used to simply cut a piece of cable off a larger spool or run of cable
▪ Looks a lot like a pair of scissors, but uses stronger blades to cut twisted
copper cables, coaxial, cables, or even larger cable bundles

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13
Q

Cable strippers

A

▪ Strips the end of the cable to prepare it the attachment of a RJ-45 or
other type of connector

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14
Q

Cable Crimper

A

▪ Used to attach the connector to the end of the cable
▪ support both RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors
▪ If you are working with coaxial cables, then you will need a cable crimper
that supports an RG-6 or RG-59 connector

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15
Q

Cable Tester

A

▪ Verifies continuity for each wire in the cable to ensure there are no
breaks
▪ Verifies the pinouts of the connectors
▪ Different testers for different cable types

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16
Q

Multi-tester

A

▪ Supports not just ethernet cables using RJ-45, but also BNC connectors
for coaxial cables, as well as IDE, PATA, SATA, RJ-45, fiber, DB25, DB9s
and anything else that you might need to test

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17
Q

Wire Map tool

A

▪ Like a cable tester, but it works specifically for twisted pair ethernet
cables
▪ It can diagnose any issues with that cable

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18
Q

Open Pair

A

o Occurs when one or more of the conductors in the pair are

not connected to a pin at one or the other end

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19
Q

Short Pair

A

o Occurs when the conductors of a wire pair are connected

to each other at any location in the cable

20
Q

Short Between Pairs

A

o Occurs when the conductors of two wires in different pairs

are connected at any location in the cable

21
Q

Reversed Pair

A

o Occurs when the two wires in a single pair are connected
to the opposite pins of the pair at the other end of the
cable

22
Q

Crossed Pairs

A

o Occur when both wires of one color pair are connected to

the pins of a different color pair at the opposite end

23
Q

Split Pairs

A

o Occur when the wire from one pair is split away from the

other and crosses over a wire in an adjacent pair

24
Q

Cable Certifier

A

▪ Used with an existing cable to determine its Category or data throughput

25
Q

Multimeter

A

▪ Checks the voltage or the amperage or the resistance of a copper cable
▪ Used to verify if a cable is broken or not
▪ Used to check coaxial cables to ensure there is no cuts or breaks in the
middle of a patch cable, or test power sources or power cords

26
Q

Multimeter

A

▪ Checks the voltage or the amperage or the resistance of a copper cable
▪ Used to verify if a cable is broken or not
▪ Used to check coaxial cables to ensure there is no cuts or breaks in the
middle of a patch cable, or test power sources or power cords

27
Q

Punch-Down Tool

A

▪ Used to terminate wires on a punch-down block without stripping off the
insulation
▪ Used with 66 block or 110 block, network jacks, and patch panels

28
Q

Toner Generator/Probe

A

▪ Allows technicians to generate a tone at one end of a connection and use
the probe to audibly detect the wire pair connected to the tone
generator
▪ Often called a “Fox and Hound”
▪ Fox is a tone generator
▪ Hound is a toner probe

29
Q

Loopback Adapter

A 
▪ Connects transmit pins (or fibers) to receive pins (or fiber) to test a
network interface
● Ethernet Pinout
o Pins 1 to 3 (Tx+ to Rx+)
o Pins 2 to 6 (Tx- to Rx-)
● Fiber
o Transmit fiber to Receive fiber
o Used with diagnostic software to test Ethernet
connectivity of a client
30
Q

Time-domain Reflectometer (TDR)

A

▪ Locate breaks in a copper cable and provide an estimate of the severity
and the distance to the break
● Optical Time-domain Reflectometer (OTDR)
o Used for fiber optic cables

31
Q

Fiber Light Meter

A

▪ A device that provides a continuous wave of stable source of energy for
attenuation measurements

32
Q

Fusion Splicer

A

▪ A machine that is used to permanently join two fibers together

33
Q

Tap

A

▪ A simple device that connects directly to the cabling infrastructure to
split or copy packets for use in analysis, security, or general network
management
▪ Spectrum analyzer is a device that measures and displays signal
amplitude (strength) as it varies by frequency within its frequency range (spectrum)

34
Q

Attenuation

A

▪ Loss of signal strength on a network cable or connection over the length
of the cable
▪ Twisted pair cables can transmit data over a maximum distance of 100
meters
▪ Coaxial cables can transmit data over a maximum distance of 500 meters
● Frequency
● Noise
● Physical surroundings
▪ The higher the frequency, the higher the bandwidth
▪ Noise
● Additional electrical or radio frequency noise in the areas where
your network cables are operating
o Use the proper cables for the physical environment you
are operating in
o Shorten the distance
o Use an amplifier or repeater
▪ Clean and polish both ends of fiber cable and connectors or switch to a
cable with higher quality

35
Q

Interference

A

▪ Occurs when multiple cables in the same frequency band are operating in
close proximity to each other
▪ Use high quality twisted pair cables or higher category rated cables
▪ Plan cable runs to operate in parallel to any high power cables

36
Q

Decibel (dB) Loss

A 
▪ Measures the amount of signal deterioration we are experiencing on a
given connection
● Copper
o decrease in voltage
● Fiber
o amount of lost light
37
Q

Copper Cable Issues

A

o There are many types of issues that could occur withing your copper cables

38
Q

▪ Incorrect pinouts

A

● By default, the patch panel should use the TIA-568B pinout, with
pins 1 through 8 being connected as:
o White/Orange – Orange – White/Green – Blue –
White/Blue – Green – White/Brown – Brown

39
Q

Bad port

A

● If you suspect a bad port on a switch or router, you should
connect a loopback plug to the port on that device and run a test
using specialized software

40
Q

Open

A

● There is nothing on the other end of the connection or there’s a
break in the wires between the source and the destination

41
Q

Short

A

● Indicates there are two wires are connected together somewhere
in the connection

42
Q

Transceiver

A

▪ A transmitter and a receiver combined into a single device that converts a
network connection from one type to another
▪ They are designed to support a certain type of connection and a certain
cable type

43
Q

Dry Cleaning

A

▪ Using light pressure while rubbing the end face of a fiber cable or
connector with a dry-cleaning cloth in one direction

44
Q

Wet Cleaning

A

▪ Moistening a piece of lint-free cloth with a fiber optic cleaning solution
and wiping the end face of the cable or connector

45
Q

Duplex Mismatch

A

▪ When one device thinks the connection is full duplex and the other thinks
it is half duplex
▪ Ensure both devices are configured to auto negotiate the connection
properly

CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) (23 decks)

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