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CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) > TCP/IP Model (1.1, 1.5, & 5.3) > Flashcards

TCP/IP Model (1.1, 1.5, & 5.3) Flashcards

1
Q

TCP/IP Model

A

o TCP/IP Model
▪ Also known as TCP/IP stack or the DoD Model
▪ Alternative to the OSI Model
▪ More relevant model for network designers since it’s based on TCP/IP
▪ Only a 4-layer model

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2
Q

OSI Model to TCP/IP Model

A
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3
Q

Network Interface (Layer 1) (Physical and Electrical characteristics / bits / coax, optic, twisted-pair)

A

▪ Physical and electrical characteristics
▪ Describes how to transmit bits across the network (1’s and 0’s)
▪ Determines how interface uses network medium
▪ Coaxial, Optical fiber, or Twisted-pair copper cabling
▪ Examples:
● Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, RS-232

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4
Q

Internet (Layer 2) (data into IP datagrams -> routes across networks > external connection)

A

▪ Packages data into IP datagrams
● Contains source and destination IPs
● Forwards datagrams between hosts across the networks
▪ Routes IP datagrams across networks
▪ Connectivity occurs externally
▪ Examples:
● IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP

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5
Q

Transport (Layer 3) (Communication session management / TCP / UDP / RTP)

A

▪ Provides communication session management between hosts
▪ Defines level of service and status of connection used for transport
▪ Examples:
● TCP
● UDP
● RTP

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6
Q

Application (Layer 4)

A

▪ Defines TCP/IP application protocols
▪ Defines how programs interface with the transport layer service
▪ Layer with which the user interacts
▪ Examples:
● HTTP, TELNET, FTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, SSL, TLS, …

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7
Q

Data Transfer Over Networks (0 - 65,535 / 0 - 1023 / Ephem = 1024 - 65,535)

(Ports)

A

o Ports
▪ Port numbers can be 0 to 65,535
▪ “Well-known” & Reserved Ports
● Ports 0 to 1023
▪ Ephemeral Ports
● Short-lived transport port that is automatically selected from a predefined range
● Ports 1024 to 65,535

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8
Q

Data Transfer

A
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9
Q

IPv4 Packets

A
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10
Q

Overhead of TCP and UDP

A
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11
Q

Ports and Protocols

A

o File Transfer Protocol FTP (Port 20, 21)

o Secure Shell SSH (Port 22)

o SSH File Transfer Protocol SFTP (Port 22)

o Telnet (Port 23)

o Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP (Port 25)

o Domain Name Service DNS (Port 53)

o Dynamic Host Control DHCP (Port 67, 68)

o Trivial File Transfer TFTP (Port 69)

o Hyper Text Transfer HTTP (Port 80)

o Post Office Protocol v3 POP3 (Port 110)

o Network Time Protocol NTP (Port 123)

o NetBIOS (Port 139)

o Internet Mail Application IMAP (Port 143)

o Simple Network Management SNMP (Port 161)

o Lightweight Directory Access LDAP (Port 389)

o HTTP Secure HTTPS (Port 443)

o Server Message Block SMB (Port 445)

o System Logging Protocol Syslog (Port 514)

o Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transport Layer Security SMTP TLS (Port 587)

o LDAP Secure LDAPS (Port 636)

o Internet Message Access Protocol over SSL IMAP over SSL (Port 993)

o Post Office Protocol Version 3 over SSL POP3 over SSL (Port 995)

o Structured Query Language Server Protocol SQL (Port 1433)

o SQLnet Protocol (Port 1521)

o MySQL (Port 3306)

o Remote Desktop Protocol RDP (Port 3389)

o Session Initiation Protocol SIP (Port 5060, 5061)

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12
Q

Ports to Remember

A
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13
Q

File Transfer Protocol FTP (Port 20, 21) (Transfers files / unsecure)

A

▪ Transfers computer files between a client and server on a computer network
▪ Unsecure method
▪ Data transferred in the clear

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14
Q

Secure Shell SSH (Port 22) (Network services securely over unsecured network / remote login by users)

A

▪ Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network
▪ Best known for remote login to computer systems by users

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15
Q

SSH File Transfer Protocol SFTP (Port 22) (file transfer/management/access over reliable data steram)

A

▪ Provides file access, file transfer, and file management over any reliable data stream

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16
Q

Telnet (Port 23) (bidirectional text-oriented communication via virtual terminal / like ssh but insecure)

A

▪ Provides bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection
▪ Like SSH, but insecure

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17
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SMTP (Port 25) (sending electronic mail)

A

▪ Internet standard for sending electronic mail
▪ RFC 821 was defined originally in 1982
▪ RFC 5321 developed in 2008 (current version)

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18
Q

Domain Name Service DNS (Port 53) (naming system / domain names into IP addresses)

A

▪ Hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network
▪ Converts domain names to IP addresses

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19
Q

Dynamic Host Control DHCP (Port 67, 68) (dynamically assigns IP address / able to request IP / easier on net admins)

A

▪ DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address and other network configuration parameters to a client
▪ Enables computers to request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically?
▪ Reduces burden on network administrators

20
Q

Trivial File Transfer TFTP (Port 69) (Transmits files / used for booting OS from LAN server / no user authentication / stripped-down va. of FTP )

A

▪ Transmits files in both directions of a client-server application
▪ Used for booting an operating system from a local area network file server
▪ Doesn’t provide user authentication or directory visibility
▪ Essentially a stripped-down version of FTP

21
Q

Hyper Text Transfer HTTP (Port 80) (data communication for WWW. / collaborative and hypermedia )

A

▪ Foundation of data communication for WWW
▪ Designed for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia presentation across many devices

22
Q

Post Office Protocol v3 POP3 (Port 110) (local email)

A

▪ Used by local e-mail

23
Q

Network Time Protocol NTP (Port 123) (clock synchronization / created in 1985)

A

▪ Provides clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks
▪ Created in 1985, one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use

24
Q

NetBIOS (Port 139) (file and printer sharing / Netbasic input/output system)

A

▪ Network Basic Input/Output System
▪ Provides services allowing applications on separate computers to communicate over a local area network for file and printer sharing

25
Q

Internet Mail Application IMAP (Port 143) (accessing your email board from a mail server or service)

A

▪ Provides e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection
▪ Allows the end user to view and manipulate the messages as if they’re stored locally

26
Q

Simple Network Management SNMP (Port 161) (collecting and organizing information about managed devices / can modify information as well)

A

▪ Provides collection and organization of information about managed devices on IP networks
▪ Can modify that information to change device behavior, commonly used in network devices

27
Q

Lightweight Directory Access LDAP (Port 389) (Communicates with Active Directory / used to store data, authentication and policy of an organization)

A

▪ Open, vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services
▪ LDAP and Active Directory use this port

28
Q

HTTP Secure HTTPS (Port 443) (ecommerce of WWW / adds security to the insecure HTTP protocol)

A

▪ Foundation of ecommerce on WWW
▪ Designed for adding security to the insecure HTTP protocol

29
Q

Server Message Block SMB (Port 445) (provides access to files, printers, and miscellaneous communications between devices)

A

▪ Provides shared access to files, printers, and miscellaneous communications between devices on a network

30
Q

System Logging Protocol Syslog (Port 514) (sends log data to centralized sever)

A

▪ Used to send logging data back to a centralized server

31
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transport Layer Security SMTP TLS (Port 587) (secure/encrypted way to send emails)

A

▪ Secure and encrypted way to send emails

32
Q

LDAP Secure LDAPS (Port 636)

A

▪ Open, vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services
Provides secure directory services

33
Q

Internet Message Access Protocol over SSL IMAP over SSL (Port 993) (secure/encrypted way of receiving emails)

A

▪ Secure and encrypted way to receive emails

34
Q

Post Office Protocol Version 3 over SSL POP3 over SSL (Port 995)

A

▪ Secure and encrypted way to receive emails

35
Q

Structured Query Language Server Protocol SQL (Port 1433)

A

▪ Used for communication from a client to the database engine

36
Q

SQLnet Protocol (Port 1521)

A

▪ Used for communication from a client to an Oracle database

37
Q

MySQL (Port 3306)

A

▪ Used for communication from a client to the MySQL database engine

38
Q

Remote Desktop Protocol RDP (Port 3389) (connect to another computer via network connection )

A

▪ Proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft
▪ Provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection
▪ User employs RDP client software for this purpose and the other computer must run RDP server software

39
Q

Session Initiation Protocol SIP (Port 5060, 5061) (used for internet voice/video calls, VOIP and messaging)

A

▪ Provides signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications
▪ Used for Internet telephony for voice and video calls, VOIP, and instant messaging

40
Q

Ports to Remember

A
41
Q

IP Protocol Types

A

o Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

o User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

o Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

o Generic Routing Encapsulation protocol (GRE)

o Internet Protocol Security protocol (IPsec)

42
Q

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

▪ A transport protocol that operates at layer 4 of the OSI model
▪ Used on top of the Internet Protocol for the reliable packet transmission
▪ Operates by conducting a three-way handshake between a client and a server, and then establishing the connection
▪ TCP is considered a connection-oriented method of communication

43
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

▪ A lightweight data transport protocol that also works on top of IP
▪ Can detect if its packets are corrupted when they are received by a client using a checksum, but there is no connection and no sequencing to the UDP segments
▪ Great for some applications, like streaming audio and video, but it definitely does NOT provide reliable delivery of the data

44
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A

▪ A network level protocol that is used to communicate information about network connectivity issues back to the sender
▪ ICMP is used a lot by network technicians during troubleshooting, but it is also used by attackers to conduct ping scans and network mapping

45
Q

Generic Routing Encapsulation protocol (GRE)

A

▪ A tunneling protocol that was developed by Cisco to encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside a virtual point-to-point or point-to-multipoint link over an Internet Protocol network
▪ Important to set a smaller maximum transmission unit or MTU size on the tunnel
▪ It does not provide any encryption

46
Q

Internet Protocol Security protocol (IPsec)

A

▪ Set of secure communication protocols at the network or packet processing layer that is used to protect data flows between peers

● Authentication Header (AH)
o A protocol within IPSec that provides integrity and authentication
● Encapsulating security payload (ESP)
o Provides encryption and integrity for the data packets sent over IPsec
o Backwards-compatible with most IP routers including those that were not designed to work with IPsec initially

CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) (23 decks)

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