Trombly Vocab. for Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

learned nonuse

A

loss of capacity in an impaired extremity because of a tendency to avoid using that extremity and to use other body parts instead

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2
Q

protective sensation

A

painful sensation evoked by potentially damaging sensory stimuli such as excessive temperature, pressure, or tissue stress

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3
Q

passive sensory training

A

stimulation applied to the patient who is not required to pay attention
(delivered via high-rep modalities like e-stim or passive rubbing of skin surface over highly textured materials)

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4
Q

active sensory training

A

patient is actively involved in the reeducation process

sensory training is based on learning principles

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5
Q

compensation techniques for decreased sensation (5)

A

frequent position changes (damage caused by cont low pressure)
avoid concentrated high pressure
increase awareness of extreme heat/cold
avoid repetitive motions and excessive friction
instruct in care for blisters, cuts, bruises to avoid infection (and to keep free from pressure in case of infection)

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6
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

open sore caused by pressure, friction, and moisture
most commonly over bony prominences
can lead to reduced blood flow and tissue death

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7
Q

hypersensitivity

A

condition in which ordinary stimuli produce an exaggerated or unpleasant sensation

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8
Q

allodynia

A

condition in which nonpainful stimuli produce painful sensations

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9
Q

hyperesthesia

A

condition in which there is increased sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli

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10
Q

graphesthesia

A

the inability to identify numbers or letter traced on the skin

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11
Q

motor extinction

A

motor neglect

underutilization of one side without defects of strength, reflexes, or sensibility

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12
Q

tactile gnosis

A

functional tactile perception; ability to complete functional tasks through the use of sensory feedback

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13
Q

adaptation

A

alteration or adjustment by which an individual or species improves its condition in relation to its situation or environment

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14
Q

attribution

A

the process by which an individual assigns causality

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15
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

a systematic form of talk therapy that emphasizes the impact of thoughts on emotions and behaviors

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16
Q

coping

A

cognitive, emotional, and behavioral efforts individuals undertake to manage external and internal challenges that tax their ordinary resources

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17
Q

existential

A

description of a perspective that emphasizes the human condition, including the recognition of mortality and the felt necessity to create meaning

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18
Q

mindfulness

A

maintaining a calm and nonjudgmental awareness of consciousness in the present moment

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19
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

partial or complete blockage of airway passages during sleep leading to repeated awakenings driven by decreased oxygen saturation

20
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

lasting psychological response to witnessing or experiencing traumatic events, especially when helpless to prevent them

21
Q

relaxation response (RR)

A

a physiological state characterized by slowed brain waves, lowered HR and respiratory rates, and lowered BP that is believe to enhance health and well-being

22
Q

resilience

A

the psychological capacity to respond to disruption with a new integration

23
Q

agitation

A

subtype of delirium that is unique to survivors of TBI in altered states of consciousness in which there are excesses in behavior that include some combination of aggression, disinhibition, restlessness, and confusion

24
Q

post-traumatic amnesia

A

inability to remember day-to-day events after TBI including those immediately before the injury (retrograde amnesia) and events that occur after the injury
the time elapsed from injury to recovery of continuous memory is one indicator used to describe the severity of brain damage

25
Q

traumatic axonal injury

A

axonal damage including shearing of axon clusters with reactive swelling and disconnection of strained and damaged axons as well as occasional tearing of axons
(results from acceleration or deceleration injuries)

26
Q

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

A

alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force

27
Q

akinesia

A

impaired ability to initiate voluntary and spontaneous motor responses, such as the interruption of performance in movement when attention is distracted
(ex. freezing in Parkinson’s)

28
Q

axonal transection

A

separation of an axon from its postsynaptic neuron, permanently interrupting action potential propagation

29
Q

bradykineskia

A

slowness or poverty of body movement

30
Q

cogwheel rigidity

A

series of catches in the resistance during passive motion

31
Q

demyelination

A

myelin that covers nerve fibers is lost or damaged, resulting in an absence or impairment of nerve conduction typically manifesting in disability and limitations to function

32
Q

fasciculations

A

rapid, flickering twitching movements of a part of a muscle occurring irregularly in time and location

33
Q

festinating gait

A

marked by very small rapid steps which occurs in persons with Parkinson’s when the posture of the head and trunk involuntarily lean forward ahead of the feet, moving the center of gravity forward
*instead of taking large step to correct, one takes several hurried small steps which results in “chasing ones COG”

34
Q

intention tremor

A

a tremor that occurs during visually guided, goal-directed movements that is worse as the proximity to the target nears and when increased precision is demanded

35
Q

myelin

A

lipid-rich insulation material covering nerve fibers that speeds conduction of impulses

36
Q

rigidity

A

hypertonicity of agonist and antagonist muscles that offers a consistent, uniform resistance to passive movement

37
Q

acquired amputation

A

surgical amputation after birth as a result of trauma or disease

38
Q

functional envelope

A

the area of space in which the patient can operate an UE prosthesis

39
Q

preprosthetic therapy program

A

period from the postsurgical procedure until a test-socket (temporary prosthesis) or permanent prosthesis is received

40
Q

terminal device (TD)

A

prosthetic hook, hand, or other prehensile device that is inserted into the wrist unit of the prosthesis

41
Q

transfemoral amputation

A

amputation across the axis of the femur

also called an above knee (AK) amputation

42
Q

transhumeral amputation

A

amputation across the axis of the humerus

also called an above elbow (AE) amputation

43
Q

transradial amputation

A

amputation across the axis of the radius and ulna

also called a below elbow (BE) amputation

44
Q

transtibial amputation

A

amputation across the axis of the fibula and tibia

also called a below knee (BK) amputation

45
Q

visual analogue scale

A

a straight line 10 cm scale with 0 cm meaning no pain and 10 cm meaning the worst pain imaginable

46
Q

voluntary closing (VC) mechanism

A

TD that remains open until tension is applied to the control cable for grasp

47
Q

voluntary opening (VO) mechanism

A

TD that remains closed until tension is applied to the control cable to open it