Trombly Vocab. for Test 3

Question 1

learned nonuse

Answer 1

loss of capacity in an impaired extremity because of a tendency to avoid using that extremity and to use other body parts instead

Question 2

protective sensation

Answer 2

painful sensation evoked by potentially damaging sensory stimuli such as excessive temperature, pressure, or tissue stress

Question 3

passive sensory training

Answer 3

stimulation applied to the patient who is not required to pay attention
(delivered via high-rep modalities like e-stim or passive rubbing of skin surface over highly textured materials)

Question 4

active sensory training

Answer 4

patient is actively involved in the reeducation process

sensory training is based on learning principles

Question 5

compensation techniques for decreased sensation (5)

Answer 5

frequent position changes (damage caused by cont low pressure)
avoid concentrated high pressure
increase awareness of extreme heat/cold
avoid repetitive motions and excessive friction
instruct in care for blisters, cuts, bruises to avoid infection (and to keep free from pressure in case of infection)

Question 6

decubitus ulcer

Answer 6

open sore caused by pressure, friction, and moisture
most commonly over bony prominences
can lead to reduced blood flow and tissue death

Question 7

hypersensitivity

Answer 7

condition in which ordinary stimuli produce an exaggerated or unpleasant sensation

Question 8

allodynia

Answer 8

condition in which nonpainful stimuli produce painful sensations

Question 9

hyperesthesia

Answer 9

condition in which there is increased sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli

Question 10

graphesthesia

Answer 10

the inability to identify numbers or letter traced on the skin

Question 11

motor extinction

Answer 11

motor neglect

underutilization of one side without defects of strength, reflexes, or sensibility

Question 12

tactile gnosis

Answer 12

functional tactile perception; ability to complete functional tasks through the use of sensory feedback

Question 13

adaptation

Answer 13

alteration or adjustment by which an individual or species improves its condition in relation to its situation or environment

Question 14

attribution

Answer 14

the process by which an individual assigns causality

Question 15

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 15

a systematic form of talk therapy that emphasizes the impact of thoughts on emotions and behaviors

Question 16

coping

Answer 16

cognitive, emotional, and behavioral efforts individuals undertake to manage external and internal challenges that tax their ordinary resources

Question 17

existential

Answer 17

description of a perspective that emphasizes the human condition, including the recognition of mortality and the felt necessity to create meaning

Question 18

mindfulness

Answer 18

maintaining a calm and nonjudgmental awareness of consciousness in the present moment

Question 19

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 19

partial or complete blockage of airway passages during sleep leading to repeated awakenings driven by decreased oxygen saturation

Question 20

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 20

lasting psychological response to witnessing or experiencing traumatic events, especially when helpless to prevent them

Question 21

relaxation response (RR)

Answer 21

a physiological state characterized by slowed brain waves, lowered HR and respiratory rates, and lowered BP that is believe to enhance health and well-being

Question 22

resilience

Answer 22

the psychological capacity to respond to disruption with a new integration

Question 23

agitation

Answer 23

subtype of delirium that is unique to survivors of TBI in altered states of consciousness in which there are excesses in behavior that include some combination of aggression, disinhibition, restlessness, and confusion

Question 24

post-traumatic amnesia

Answer 24

inability to remember day-to-day events after TBI including those immediately before the injury (retrograde amnesia) and events that occur after the injury
the time elapsed from injury to recovery of continuous memory is one indicator used to describe the severity of brain damage

Question 25

traumatic axonal injury

Answer 25

axonal damage including shearing of axon clusters with reactive swelling and disconnection of strained and damaged axons as well as occasional tearing of axons
(results from acceleration or deceleration injuries)

Question 26

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Answer 26

alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force

Question 27

akinesia

Answer 27

impaired ability to initiate voluntary and spontaneous motor responses, such as the interruption of performance in movement when attention is distracted
(ex. freezing in Parkinson’s)

Question 28

axonal transection

Answer 28

separation of an axon from its postsynaptic neuron, permanently interrupting action potential propagation

Question 29

bradykineskia

Answer 29

slowness or poverty of body movement

Question 30

cogwheel rigidity

Answer 30

series of catches in the resistance during passive motion

Question 31

demyelination

Answer 31

myelin that covers nerve fibers is lost or damaged, resulting in an absence or impairment of nerve conduction typically manifesting in disability and limitations to function

Question 32

fasciculations

Answer 32

rapid, flickering twitching movements of a part of a muscle occurring irregularly in time and location

Question 33

festinating gait

Answer 33

marked by very small rapid steps which occurs in persons with Parkinson’s when the posture of the head and trunk involuntarily lean forward ahead of the feet, moving the center of gravity forward
*instead of taking large step to correct, one takes several hurried small steps which results in “chasing ones COG”

Question 34

intention tremor

Answer 34

a tremor that occurs during visually guided, goal-directed movements that is worse as the proximity to the target nears and when increased precision is demanded

Question 35

myelin

Answer 35

lipid-rich insulation material covering nerve fibers that speeds conduction of impulses

Question 36

rigidity

Answer 36

hypertonicity of agonist and antagonist muscles that offers a consistent, uniform resistance to passive movement

Question 37

acquired amputation

Answer 37

surgical amputation after birth as a result of trauma or disease

Question 38

functional envelope

Answer 38

the area of space in which the patient can operate an UE prosthesis

Question 39

preprosthetic therapy program

Answer 39

period from the postsurgical procedure until a test-socket (temporary prosthesis) or permanent prosthesis is received

Question 40

terminal device (TD)

Answer 40

prosthetic hook, hand, or other prehensile device that is inserted into the wrist unit of the prosthesis

Question 41

transfemoral amputation

Answer 41

amputation across the axis of the femur

also called an above knee (AK) amputation

Question 42

transhumeral amputation

Answer 42

amputation across the axis of the humerus

also called an above elbow (AE) amputation

Question 43

transradial amputation

Answer 43

amputation across the axis of the radius and ulna

also called a below elbow (BE) amputation

Question 44

transtibial amputation

Answer 44

amputation across the axis of the fibula and tibia

also called a below knee (BK) amputation

Question 45

visual analogue scale

Answer 45

a straight line 10 cm scale with 0 cm meaning no pain and 10 cm meaning the worst pain imaginable

Question 46

voluntary closing (VC) mechanism

Answer 46

TD that remains open until tension is applied to the control cable for grasp

Question 47

voluntary opening (VO) mechanism

Answer 47

TD that remains closed until tension is applied to the control cable to open it