Trimester 2 Review Flashcards
Bernoulli’s Principle
states that the pressure of a fluid decreases when the speed of that fluid increases
Buoyancy
An upward force exerted by fluid that opposed the weight of a partially or fully immersed object
Direction of a buoyant force
upward
Factors that affect buoyancy
the density of the fluid and the volume of the fluid displaced
Archimedes Principle
States that a body totally or partially immerse in a fluid is subject to an upward force equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid it displaces
Pascal’s Principle
States that when pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed container, the pressure increases by the same amount everywhere in the container
Thermal Energy
energy in the form of heat
Conduction
the process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder end of an object
Conductors
materials that transmit energy
Insulators
materials that do not readily conduct electricity or heat
Thermal equilibrium
when temperatures balance out or heat stops flowing
convection
when heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water
Convection current
a current in a fluid that results from convection
Radiation
the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium
Solar energy
radiant energy emitted by the sun
sound energy
energy released by vibrations that can be heard by living things
electrical energy
energy related to forces on electrically-charged particles and the movement of those particles
Celsius to Fahrenheit formula
(C x 1.8) + 32= F
Fahrenheit to Celsius formula
(F - 32) x 5/9= C
What temperature does water freeze in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
F: °32
C: °0
What temperature does water boil in Celsius and Farenheit?
F: °212
C: °100
What happens to molecules when they freeze?
energy of the molecules decreases and they gain potential energy
How do particles in solids move?
They vibrate but do not move from place to place
Examples of conduction
Heating a pot on a stove, touching a hot seatbelt in the summer
Examples of conductors
various metals
How do particles in gases move?
They vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Examples of insulators
plastics or rubbers
What happens to molecules when heat is applied?
molecules gain kinetic energy and move faster
Examples of radiation
microwaves from an oven, x-rays, gamma rays
How do particles in liquids move?
Particles are close together and move with random motion throughout the container
Real world example of Pascal’s Principle
hydraulic lift
Real world example of Archimedes Principle
a ships that is launched sinks into the ocean until the weight of the water it displaces is just equal to its own weight
Real world example of Bernoulli’s principle
air flowing past the top surface of an aircraft wing moving faster than air flowing past the bottom surface
