Chemical Bonds Quiz 5/3 Flashcards
Metals
elements that are generally shiny
nonmetals
elements that have no metallic properties
Properties of metals
- higher density
- luster
- ductility
- malleability
- high melting temps
- high strength
- good conductors of electricity and thermal energy
malleability
the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets
Properties of nonmetals
- mainly gasses
- no luster
- insulators for heat and electricity
- low strength
chemical bond
a force that holds two or more atoms together in a compound
ductility
the ability to be pulled into thin wires
subatomic particles
electrons, protons, and neutrons
charge of an electron
negatively charges
charge of a proton
positive
charge of a neutron
neutral
When electrons are far from the nucleus, ___________
the bond is weaker
stable
full valence shell, has at least 8 valence electrons
A dot structure needs:
the symbol of the element and the number of valence electrons
unstable
valence shell is not filled, there aren’t at least 8 valence electrons
Covalent bond
When nonmetals share electrons
A single covalent bond is formed when ______________
when two atoms share one pair of electrons
Molecule
a group of atoms held together by covalent bonding that acts as an independent unit
A double covalent bond has _______
two pairs of electrons
Polar molecule
a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative
A triple covalent bond has _________
Three pairs of electrons
How to read a chemical formula?
count how many atoms make up the formula
ion
an atom that has gained or lost electrons
How does an ion differ from a neutral atom?
an ion is created by adding or removing electrons from an, whereas neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons
Ionic bond
the attraction between positively and negatively charged ion in an ionic compound
If an atom loses an electron it will be positive because _____________
It possesses more protons than electrons
What families form ionic bonds?
nonmetals and metals
If an atom gains an electron it will be negative because _____________
it possesses more electrons than protons
