Triglycerides

Question 1

Saturation

Answer 1

Can be saturated (C-C) or unsaturated (C=C). Saturated fats have higher boiling points as more VdW (more e-) so solid at RTP.

Question 2

Isomerism in unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 2

In cis form (Z) unsaturated fatty acid molecules cannot pack closely together so low mp as less surface contact and VdW. Trans form (E) is linear and fatty acid chains can pack closely together increasing the mp.

Question 3

Health risks

Answer 3

Trans fats raise low-density lipoprotein levels which deposit cholesterol and lipids onto artery walls increasing risk f heart disease:

Question 4

Composed of

Answer 4

Triesters with three fatty acids joined to each alcohol group in propan-1,2,3-triol (glycerol) through ester links.

Question 5

Biodiesel

Answer 5

Alternative renewable source of fuel. Made by transterification where triglycerides reacted with methanol/ethanol in presence of NaOH/KOH catalyst. Glycerol is formed as byproduct and sold to pharmaceutical/cosmetics industry improving atom economy of process.